样态指示词“如许”“如所”的形成

The origin and formation of the characteristic demonstratives ruxu(如许) and rusuo(如所)

南北朝时期及其后的汉语里有指示样态的"如许",在汉译佛经里又有性质与"如许"类似的"如所"。"如许"的源形式是来源于"X许"空间表达式的"如X许"性状表达式,在特定的语境内"如X许"的X不再出现,使得表达性状的"如X许"框式结构缩合为样态指示词"如许"。译经的"如所"由"如是所"变化而来,"如是所"变为"如所"与"如X许"变为"如许"经历了平行的演变,都由"如X许/所"隐去X而形成。

The characteristic demonstrative ruxu( 如许) is found in the texts of the Northern and Southern Dynasties,and its functional equivalence rusuo( 如所) also can be found in Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures.This paper assumes that ruxu is derived from ru-X-xu, which is evolved from the spatial construction X-xu. X in ru-X-xu is omitted in particular contexts, which gives rise to ruxu. Due to a similar process, rusuo in Chinese translation of Buddhist scriptures is derived from ru-shi-suo( 如是所).