魏晋南北朝史研究中的史料批判研究

Historical Textual Criticism in Studies of the Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties

史料批判研究是近年来魏晋南北朝史研究中较为流行的一种研究范式。这种研究把以往多视为客观记录的历史文字看成是融入了史家的有意识书写,注重探求历史文献的构造、性格和执笔意图。史料批判研究的兴起除得益于传统史料处理方式的进一步发展外,后现代史学的"文本"观念也起到了推波助澜的作用。而作为一种潮流的史料批判研究,吸引了一批年轻研究者从事其间,产生了大量颇具启发性的研究成果。但该研究也存在着一些不足,如推测成分较多,"破"有余而"立"不足,对历史文本的怀疑有时也会有过度之忧,这都是需要反省和警惕的。

Criticism of historical materials is a kind of research paradigm,popular in recent studies of the Wei,Jin,Northern and Southern Dynasties,which mainly regards historical documents as objective records formerly integrated into the consciousness of historians,so the structure,character,and intention for writing of the historical documents are increasingly sought after.Besides benefiting from the further development of traditional handling of historical materials,the rise of such criticism is also driven by the idea of'text'proposed by post-modern historiography.As a trend,the criticism of historical materials has attracted a batch of young scholars,and has produced abundant illuminating results.But there are still some deficiencies which need our reflection and vigilance,such as overmuch speculation,breaking much more than establishing,and excessive skepticism regarding the historical texts.