江西庐山自然保护区主要森林植被水土保持功能评价

RESEARCH ON SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION FUNCTION OF MAIN FOREST VEGETATION IN LUSHAN NATURE RESERVE IN JIANGXI PROVINCE

随着环境压力的与日俱增以及森林过度采伐带来的生态危机的加剧,森林生态系统控制水土流失与涵养水源功能的量化及机理研究已成为各国生态学家、林学家、水土保持学家共同关注的课题。以江西庐山自然保护区的6种主要森林植被为研究对象,基于野外调查和室内实验获取的相关数据,采用层次分析法,选取郁闭度、丰富度指数、土壤容重、毛管孔隙度、土壤稳渗速率、枯落物储量、枯落物分解强度、海拔、坡度等15个指标构建多层次多指标的水土保持功能评价体系,根据层次总排序结果,分别计算出各指标的权重,并利用线型评分函数求出各森林植被类型水土保持功能的综合评价值,即6种主要森林植被类型水土保持功能排序为:常绿阔叶林>玉山竹林>常绿-落叶阔叶混交林>落叶阔叶林>黄山松林>马尾松林。

Along with the increasing environmental pressure and ecological crisis due to forest over-exploitation,studies on the quantitative relation between soil and water conservation function and forest ecological system,and on the water conservation mechanism of forest soil have been widely focused by ecologists,foresters,and expert of soil and water conservation all over the world.In order to evaluate the soil and water conservation function of different vegetation types,six widely distributed vegetation types in Lushan Nature Reserve of Jiangxi Province,including evergreen broadleaf forest,Yushan bamboo,evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest,deciduous forest,Huangshan pine,and Masson pine,were selected as study object.On the basis of the data of 15 indexes such as canopy density,richness,soil bulk density,capillary porosity,soil stable infiltration rate,litter reserves,litter decomposition intensity,elevation,and terrain slope obtained from field investigations and laboratory experiments,a multi-hierarchy and multi-index comprehensive evaluation system of soil and water conservations function was established,and the weights of various indexes were calculated and compared according to the total sorting of different index levels with the method of analytic hierarchy process（AHP）.The results showed that the weights of vegetation factor,soil factor,ground litter factor,and terrain factors are 0.200 5,0.401 1,0.248 0,and 0.1504,respectively.It indicated that the soil factor of forest ecological system has great influence on soil and water conservation of forest land.The integrated assessment values of six vegetation types were obtained by linear scoring function,and the order of soil and water conservation capacity of six vegetation types are：evergreen broadleaf forest（0.701 3）〉Yushan bamboo（0.672 5）〉evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest（0.543 8）〉deciduous forest（0.494 7）〉Huangshan pine（0.418 1）〉Masson pine（0.316 4）.The results indicated that the vegetation of evergreen broadleaf forest has the highest soil and water conservation capacity,while the Masson pine has the lowest capacity among the six vegetation types.The capacities of Yushan bamboo,evergreen-deciduous broad-leaved forest,deciduous forest,Huangshan pine are in between.The research results have certain reference significance to the Scholars of soil and water conservation.