中国环境规制类型对区域生态效率影响的差异化机制研究

The Differentiation Mechanism Study on the Effect of Types of Environmental Regulation to the Regional Eco-efficiency in China

区域生态效率的提高是中国经济发展与环境保护实现双赢的重要路径,而有效的环境规制体系是促进区域生态效率提高的重要因素。本文利用2008—2013年中国30个省际面板数据,将环境规制工具分为强制型、市场型和自愿型,检验了各类环境规制对中国东、中、西部区域生态效率的影响。研究结果表明:(1)东、中、西部地区的强制型环境规制与生态效率之间呈倒"U"型的关系;(2)东、中部地区的市场型环境规制对生态效率具有正向促进作用,但西部地区呈倒"U"型关系;(3)东、中部地区的自愿型环境规制与生态效率之间呈倒"U"型关系,西部地区的自愿型环境规制对生态效率的影响具有正向促进作用,但是,并不显著。这表明,"波特假说"在中国能否成立与环境规制的类型及区域经济、环境特征具有紧密关联。最后,本文针对不同区域提出了优化和调整环境规制工具组合的政策建议。

Improving ,the regional ecological efficiency is an important path to achieve a win-win economic de- velopment and environmental protection. An effective environmental regulation system is the key factor to promote the regional ecological efficiency. By adopting the panel data from 30 provinces of china in 2008-2013, the paper divided environmental regulation tools into 3 types： mandatory, market-oriented and voluntary. And this paper examined the impact of each type of environmental regulation in China＇s eastern, central and western regional ecological efficiency. Results show that （ 1 ） Mandatory environmental regulation in China＇ s eastern, central and western regions has an inverted ＂U＂ shaped relationship with ecological efficiency; （2）Market-oriented environmental reg- ulation in China＇ s eastern, central regions has a positive relationship with ecological efficiency, but in the western region is an inverted ＂U＂ shaped relationship ; （3） Voluntary environmental regulation in China＇ s eastern, central regions has an inverted ＂U＂ shaped relationship with ecological efficiency, and voluntary environmental regulation in the western region can promote the ecological efficiency, but not dramatically. This suggests that whether the ＂porter hypothesis＂ can be set up in China is closely related to environmental regulation types, regional economic development, and regional environmental characteristics. Finally, this paper puts forward some useful suggestions for the optimization and adjustment of environmental regulation tools for different regions. （ 1 ） As for the eastern region, mandatory environmental regulation has surpassed the threshold value, and the market-oriented and voluntary environmental regulation has a promoting effect on the regional ecological efficiency. Therefore based on the pollutant total amount and the standard control, eastern provinces should develop the emissions trading, and collect fees for discharging pollutants on the resources, environmental taxes. At the same time, the eastern region should further improve the mechanism for public participation in environmental governance, improve corporate disclosure of environmental information and economic incentives for application environment mark, and encourage the public to voluntarily participate in environmental protection enterprise ; （2） As for the central region, there exists some gap from the threshold value for mandatory environmental regulation. And market-oriented environmental regulation has a strong role in promoting the regional ecological efficiency, the relationship of voluntary environmental regulation and the regional ecological efficiency is at the rising stage of the inverted ＂U＂ type curve. Therefore, eastern provinces should speed up making the perfect pollutant emissions standards, improve environmental standards. At the same time, relying on the establishment of pilot of emissions trading in Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Henan, Hunan, Hubei, eastern provinces should further strengthen the market trading mechanism of environmental protection ; （3） As for the western region, both the relationship between mandatory, market-oriented environmental regulation and regional ecological efficiency are at the rising stage of the inverted ＂U＂ type curve. However the elasticity of market-oriented environmental regulation on regional ecological efficiency is more obvious than that of mandatory environmental regulation. Therefore, the western region should first strengthen the environmental protection standards, and prevent the excessive concentration of high pollution industry. The western region establishes emissions trading mechanism, perfects the system of environmental taxes and fees. At the same time, western cities should moderately control environmental tax and pollutant emission trading costs, avoid that the environmental regulation cost is more than the compensation effect.