公共管理中的他者

Otherness in Public Management

他者与自我相对而言。只有承认公共管理是具有自我意识和自我选择能力的主体时,他者才有意义。公共管理所面对的他者首先是既定的制度、习惯以及伦理道德等,这构成他们行动的背景性框架。而当公共管理在既定的背景下开展行动时,他所服务的对象构成另一层面的他者。公共管理所面对的他者既是有形的又是无形的,既是在场者又是不在场者。后工业社会的高度不确定性与复杂性使得这种不在场的可能性大大增加。网络技术的普及又为众多不在场成为在场者提供了技术上的坚实基础。但这种技术基础只是为旁观者成为在场者提供了可能。要使旁观者从不在场变成在场者,从参与者变为行动者,更重要的来自于社会关系的根本性变革及其基础上的制度重构。

Only when we admit that public management is the subject with selfconsciousness and selfchoosing,otherness is meaningful.The otherness which public management must faced is regulations,customs,and ethics,etc,which constitutes the background for public management action.When public management acts under this kind of background,the object that he will serve becomes another level of otherness.The otherness that public management should face is both tangible and intangible,being absent and present.The highly uncertainty and complexity of post- industrial society increases the possibility of being absence greatly.The popularity of network provides the solid foundation which makes those absent become present.But this kind of foundation just provides the possibility that bystanders will become presence.If we want onlookers are presence and actors in highly uncertain conditions,the key is the fundamental change of social relations and institutional reconstruction.