大数据如何改善社会治理:国外“大数据社会福祉”运动的案例分析和借鉴

How Could Big Data Improve Social Governance:An Analysis of "Big Data for Social Good" Movement

近年来,特别是国务院印发《促进大数据发展行动纲要》以来,大数据社会治理逐渐成为政府管理部门和学术机构的热议话题。本文在对国外"大数据社会福祉"运动进行案例收集和研究的基础上分析了国外大数据社会治理的主要应用领域、识别了四种基本模式并总结了具体操作经验,包括:开放大数据、大数据决策、大数据沟通和大数据群体智慧。然后,通过比较研究提出了目前我国实践过程中应当关注的三个问题,即:大小并重、平台应用并重和善用群体智慧。

Recently,especially since the issue of ＂Action Plan for promoting the Big Data Development＂ by the State Council of the People＇s Republic of China,big data for social governance has gradually become a hot topic between government and scholars.Based on the analysis of examples from the ＂big data for social good＂ movement,this paper summarized four basic patterns and related operating experiences of using big data for social governance such as open data,big data for decision making,big data communication and big data wisdom of crowd.After comparing with China＇s situation,we suggest concerning about three issues which include：equal emphasis on both big data and small data,equal emphasis on both platform and application,and make good use of wisdom of crowd.