从“笑话研究”到“笑话学”:基于研究成果的分析与展望

From Humor Studies to Humorology:Analysis and Prospect

笑话是一种颇受人们喜爱的民间叙事类型,材料丰富,有广泛的现实基础。但长期以来它却一直被学界视为不登大雅之堂的小众,致使研究成果相对薄弱。从对象认知和学术实践的角度来看,笑话研究形成了形而上的哲学演绎、工具化的普遍性阐释和语境中的特殊性书写三种类型,呈现出由普遍到特殊的发展趋势,面临着研究对象边缘化、理论碎片化和范式单一化的困境。摆脱困境的出路是明确笑话的自身属性,健全碎片化的理论体系,从零散的笑话研究发展为完整的笑话之学。

Joke is a popular folk narrative genre.It is rich in material and based upon a variety of social reality.But it has always been regarded as a minor genre,and related researchesare relatively weak.From the perspective of epistemology and academic practices,joke study can be divided into three types:philosophical deduction,universal implemental interpretation and specificity description in context.Current researches show the trend of from universality to particularity,hence facing the dilemma of object marginalization,theoretical fragmentation and single paradigm.The way for further development is to clarify the characteristic of jokes,integrate fragmented theories and systemize joke researches.