人生仪礼、家庭义务与朝山进香——冀中南地区苍岩山进香习俗研究

Rites of Passage,Family Duty,and Pilgrimage:A Study of the Pilgrimage Custom in Mount Cangyan,Central-southern Hebei Province

冀中南民间多供奉女神三皇姑并定期前往苍岩山朝拜,此习俗至迟在清代后期已经形成,至改革开放后,又重新兴起。当前,信众前往苍岩山进香不仅是为了"祈福祛灾保平安",更是为了完成"求子""还娃娃"和"报死亡"等人生仪礼。由于个体生命历程中的重要仪礼都与三皇姑及苍岩山紧密相连,朝山进香并正确地施行这些仪礼就成为一种对家庭成员应尽的义务,同时,也正是这种义务性使得苍岩山进香习俗在当下依然得以维系和传承。

In central and southern Hebei Province where multiple religions coexist,people who believe in local folk religion generally worship Third Princess the goddess,and make their regular pilgrimages to Mount Cangyan which is believed to be a sacred site of Third Princess.This custom came into existence in the late period of the Qing Dynasty and was forbidden after the founding of the People's Republic of China,especially during the Cultural Revolution.After the reform and opening-up,this custom revived.Currently,the believers make their pilgrimages to Mount Cangyan not only for blessings,but also for the completion of some long-cherished wishes,such as seeking children,returning dolls and reporting deaths.Because of the close links between rites in their life courses and Mount Cangyan as well as the Third Princess,making pilgrimages to Mount Cangyan has been one of the obligations that believers should fulfill to their family members.In some way,it is this kind of family obligation that has revived and maintained the custom in the era of reform and opening-up.