心理时间旅行与自我:发展中关系模式的转换

The Relationship between Mental Time Travel and the Self:Transition from Late Childhood to Early Adulthood

该研究分别考察了儿童中晚期（9~12岁）、少年期（13~15岁）和青年早期（17岁、19岁、21岁）个体心理时间旅行的发展模式,并进一步探讨了不同年龄阶段,情景记忆和自我对情景预见作用模式的转换。研究采用访谈法评估心理时间旅行,以自我描述（儿童期和少年期）或自我连续性（青年早期）作为评估自我的指标。研究发现：（1）儿童中晚期,想象未来情景细节的数量随年龄增长而增加,少年期和青年早期的情景预见能力则趋于平稳,与情景记忆的发展趋势一致;（2）无论在哪个年龄段,情景记忆对情景预见都是有效的预测源;（3）自我描述在少年期才开始对情景预见产生预测作用;（4）青年早期,情景记忆以自我连续性为中介变量作用于情景预见。

The present research explored the developmental patterns in mental time travel and the self during late childhood（ 9 ~ 12 years old）,adolescence（ 13 ~ 15 years old）,and early adulthood（ 17,19,21 years old）. Of particular interest on how episodic memory and the self would affect episodic foresight at each possible transitional period. Using the interview method,this research evaluated mental time travel performance through episodic details recalls. Self-description（ in elementary school and secondary school） or self-continuity（ in high school and college） was also used to measure self-concept. The results showed that（ a） The episodic details numbers in episodic future thinking and paralleling episodic memory increased with age during late childhood. Both episodic memory and foresight then remained stable during adolescence and early adulthood;（ b） Episodic memory was an effective predictor of episodic foresight in each of the above stage;（ c） The influence of self-description on episodic foresight did not appear until adolescence;（ d） Self-continuity mediated the relationship between episodic memory and episodic foresight during early adulthood.