双磁钢差动式电磁继电器虚拟样机与参数优化研究

Virtual Prototyping and Parameter Optimization of Differential Electromagnetic Relays With Double Permanent Magnets

双磁钢差动式电磁继电器具有体积小、灵敏度高、动作快等优点,但由于触点分断速度较慢以及触点闭合弹跳造成其寿命余量小。基于双磁钢差动式电磁系统以及继电器动态特性数学模型,建立电磁系统的有限元静态仿真模型、触簧系统的多体动力学仿真模型,最终构建继电器的虚拟样机模型,实现了动态特性仿真,仿真结果通过了实测验证;利用上述静态仿真模型研究关键参数对力特性的影响,采用熵权法、灰色关联分析法、正交试验理论对关键参数进行优化;通过动态特性仿真,得到优化后的静合动触点分断速度与动合动触点分断速度较优化前分别增大53.20%和5.76%,静合动触点碰撞速度较优化前减小2.56%,验证了参数优化方案的可行性,达到了减轻触点分断与闭合弹跳的电弧烧蚀、提高继电器电寿命的优化目标。

The differential electromagnetic relay with double permanent magnets has advantages of low voltage, high sensitivity and fast action. However, slow breaking velocity and closed bounce result in its short life. Based on the differential electromagnetic system with double permanent magnets and the mathematical model of the relay＇s dynamic characteristics, a finite element method（FEM） static simulation model of the electromagnetic system and the multi-body dynamics model of the contact spring system were built. Finally, the virtual prototyping model of the relay was built to realize dynamic characteristics simulations. The test data validate the simulation results. Then, the influence of key parameters on the force characteristics was studied using the static simulation model and the optimized values of the key parameters were achieved by entropy weight, grey relational analysis and orthogonal experiment. Through dynamic characteristics simulation, the breaking velocities of N.C. contacts and N.O. contacts are increased by 53.20% and 5.76% respectively, and simultaneously the making velocity of N.C. contacts is decreased by 2.56% compared with the velocities before optimization. Finally, the goals of lightening arc erosion during contacts breaking and contacts closing bounce and improving the life of relays are reached by verifying the validity of this parameter optimization method.