不同套蒜模式对大棚番茄土壤酶活性和速效养分的影响

Effects of different garlic intercropping patterns on enzyme activities and available nutrients of tomato field under plastic tunnel

【目的】明确连续套作大蒜或青蒜对大棚番茄根系土壤酶活性和速效养分的影响。【方法】试验以‘迪芬尼’番茄和‘G064’大蒜为材料,共设单作番茄、套作大蒜、套作青蒜3个处理,在大棚番茄连续套蒜的第5年,分别于春茬番茄定植后的2012-03-20和秋茬番茄定植后的2012-08-26第1次采集土样,以后每20d取样1次,春茬和秋茬各取样5次,测定番茄根系土壤酶活性和速效养分含量,并分析了不同处理对土壤酶活性与速效养分含量间的相关性。【结果】与单作番茄相比,连续套作大蒜或青蒜均可提高大棚番茄土壤过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性,同样也提高了大棚番茄土壤碱解氮和速效磷的含量,总体表现为2种套蒜处理大于单作番茄处理,但土壤速效钾含量总体表现为单作番茄和套作青蒜处理高于套作大蒜处理。不同处理对土壤酶活性与速效养分的相关性总体没有影响。【结论】连续套作大蒜或青蒜可以改善大棚番茄土壤质量,提高土壤肥力。

[Objective] The experiment was conducted to study the effects of different garlic intercrop- ping patterns on activities of soil enzymes and contents of soil available nutrients in tomato field under plas- tic tunnel. [Method] ＇Difenni＇ tomato and ＇G064＇ garlic were planted with three patterns of monoculture tomato,tomato intercropped with normal garlic, and tomato intercropped with garlic green. In the fifth year,the soil samples were collected every 20 d for 10 times with the first collection in March 20,2012 （spring tomato） and August 26,2012 （autumn tomato）, respectively. Soil enzymes activities and contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were measured and the correlations between activities of soil enzymes and contents of available nutrients of different treatments were analyzed. [Result] As compared to the control,intercropping with garlic and garlic sprouts increased activities of soil enzymes （catalase, sucrase, urease and alkaline phosphatase activity）. Intercropping with garlic and garlic sprouts also increased the contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phos-phorus. However,monoeuhure tomato and intercropping with garlic sprouts had higher available potassium contents than intercropping with normal garlic. Besides, correlation between soil enzymes and available nu trients was not influenced by different treatments. [Conclusion] Intercropping with garlic and garlic sprouts could improve soil quality and soil available nutrients.