革命还是立宪:《人权宣言》给晚清士人提供的启示

Revolution or Constitutionalism: Inspirations of Déclaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen for People in Late Qing Dynasty

法国《人权宣言》自晚清传入中国以来,对晚清的革命观念与立宪思想产生了重要启示。一方面,邹容、孙中山等主张行革命之举的晚清士人开始认识到,域外的一系列革命,包括法国大革命,都是权利的革命。因此,革命不仅被看作获取权利的方式,其本身更应被视为一项权利。另一方面,康有为、熊范舆及潘承鄂等倡导走立宪之路的晚清士人,以法国大革命及《人权宣言》的经验与教训,来支持自己的立宪主张。

Since Declaration des Droits de lHomme et du Citoyen was brought into China in late Qing Dy- nasty, it inspired people＇ s thoughts on revolution and constitutionalism. On one hand, people who advocated revolution, like Zou Rong and Sun Yat -sen, started to realize that several revolutions abroad including French Revolution are not only the way to obtain rights, but also should be regarded as a right itself. On the other hand, people who stood for constitutionalism, like Kang Youwei, Xiong Fanyu and Pan Cheng＇ e, sup- ported and proved their view of constitutionalism by learning the experiences of French Revolution and D^claration des Droits de lHomme et du Citoyen.