中国城镇地区性别工资差异问题新探--基于无条件分位数回归和再次分解方法

Gender Wage Differentials in Urban China-Based on Unconditional Quantile Decomposition and Double Decomposition

本文使用中国家庭收入调查(CHIP)1995年和2008年的数据,运用重新赋权的无条件分位数回归的分解方法以及无条件分位数"再次分解方法"(Double-decomposition)对城镇地区性别工资差异进行实证研究发现:(1)性别工资差异由1995年的"粘地板"现象逐渐呈现出2008年的"玻璃天花板"现象的趋势;(2)系数效应是造成性别工资差异的主要原因,工作经验是影响性别工资差异的显著因素;(3)从再次分解结果看,在时间维度上性别工资差异逐渐拉大,在横截面数据上低收入群体的女性情况得到改善,而高收入群体女性情况恶化了。因此,政府应出台针对性的政策来缩小性别工资差异。

Using the data of CHIPs1995 and CHIPs2008 and a newly developed method- ology of unconditional quantile decomposition with reweighing and double decomposi- tion, this paper studies gender wage differentials in urban China and the findings include： （1） a sticky floor effect was observed in 1995 while it tends to turn to a glass ceilings in 2008; （2） the coefficients effect is the main reason for the observed gender wage inequality; working experience is a significant factor; （3） double decomposition results show that gender wage differentials are getting larger over time; the situation of women at the bottom of the distribution is getting improved while women at the top of the distribution face more severe discrimination. Therefore, the government should take heterogeneous and targeted measures to narrow the gender wage differentials.