移位性特征与句首名词的句法/语用属性研究

A Study on the Initial NPs' Property of Being Topics and/or Subjects in the Constructions with Stranded Objects in Chinese

现有推导模式认为汉语中的两类保留宾语结构具有悬垂话题并通过主语外置生成句末焦点,但这种生成方式不仅将焦点置于时态投射中,而且有违成分统制和包含关系。此外,依据管约论先时态投射后标句词投射的生成顺序会生成非法语链,而若采用先标句词投射后时态投射的生成顺序则会违反格要求。基于同步探测动态生成结构的最简主张,两类保留宾语结构理想的生成模式是功能语类C和T所携带的非论元探针和论元探针同步探测。Chomsky(2014:7)提出,语言的优化完美仅适用于概念意愿界面(CI interface),基于感觉运动界面的语音外化则是附带现象,而区分移位性特征和一致性特征有助于明晰一致关系的操作和一致性特征的赋值这两个概念。据此经由同步探测生成的保留宾语结构的内部构造中,获得语义解读的既有显性话题又有隐性主语,而获得语音拼读的仅仅是句首的话题。文章从概念必要性的视角论证了该分析方案的优化之处并辅之以一定的实证理据。

The intransitive constructions with retained objects in Chinese include Unaccusative Construction of Possessive-subject and Possessum-object and Passive Constructions with Stranded Objects. According to Government and Binding theory,the deriving procedure that leads to the formation of Tense Projection before Complementizer Projection runs against the Mixed Chain Constraint,and the deriving procedure that generates Complementizer Projection before Tense Projection doesn＇t accord with the Case Filter. On the basis of dynamically parallel probing by Non-argument probe and Argument probe,the ideal derivational pattern of the generation of the Constructions with Stranded Objects in Chinese is for the Tense Projection and Complementizer Projection to be derived simultaneously. Chomsky（ 2014： 7） proposes that Language is optimal only relative to CI interface,with externalization an ancillary procedure. Meanwhile,the distinction between movement features and agreement features are facilitative to distinguish the operation and the valuation of the agreement. Accordingly,the sonstructions with Stranded Objects thus derived normally have the internal organization of overt topic copy before covert subject copy. This article argues for this optimal analysis from the perspective of conceptual necessity on the basis of limited empirical evidence.