不同蔬菜品种生产效益和碳效益评价

Evaluation of Production and Carbon Benefit of Different Vegetables

实验通过对浏阳市4个农场2种生产模式8种蔬菜3年的经济(生产成本、投入产出比等)和环境(碳排放量、碳足迹)指标值进行分析,结果表明:(1)有机生产模式的投入产出比和碳足迹分别为无公害生产的18.5%和87.4%;(2)肥料和电耗是最主要的碳排放来源,分别占碳排放总量的58.76%和16.67%;(3)碳排放量和碳足迹都与N肥之间成正相关关系,即施用的N肥越多,碳排放量就越多,碳足迹也越大;(4)有机模式下,有机肥用量达到122 352 kg·hm^(-2)时,作物产量最大;而无公害模式下,农用化学品投入20 103元·hm^(-2)时,叶菜产量最大。因此,要保障蔬菜增产丰收,同时尽可能地减少碳排放量,其主要出路在于推广有机模式,增施有机肥,减少无机N肥和其他农用化学品的使用,建立节水灌溉体系以节约用电量。

This study analyzed environmental and economic benefits of 8 types of vegetables in 4 different farms over 3 years. The specific results were as follows：（ 1 ）The input-output ratio and carbon footprint of organic production mode was 18.5% and 87.4% of that of pollutionfree mode, respectively; （2）Fertilizer and power consumption was the main source of carbon emissions, accounting for 58.76% and 16.67% of total carbon emissions, respectively; （3）There were positive correlations between N fertilizer and both carbon emissions and carbon footprint. In other words, higher use of N fertilizer resulted in higher carbon emissions and carbon footprint; （ 4 ） When organic fertilizers use reached 122 352 kg· hm^-2, the crop production could reach the maximum under organic mode. Under the mode of pollution-free production, when agricultural chemicals input reached 20 103 yuan· hm^-2, leafy vegetable production could reach the maximum. Therefore, to increase production and reduce carbon emissions in the process of vegetable production, the main approach was to use organic mode, increase the quantity of organic fertilizer, instead of the use of inorganic N fertilizer and other agricultural chemicals and establish water-saving irrigation system for electricity efficiency.