质子交换膜燃料电池梯度化膜电极

Gradient Membrane Electrode Assembly of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell

为实现质子交换膜燃料电池的高性能(高功率密度或大电流密度)、低成本(低铂载量)、长寿命发电,人们尝试在燃料电池的核心部件膜电极结构中引入梯度化设计的概念。梯度化膜电极包括膜电极中各组件的梯度化:气体扩散层的PTFE含量与孔隙率的梯度化,催化层的催化剂与Nafion用量的梯度化以及微孔层的疏水性与孔隙率的梯度化。梯度化膜电极中催化剂分布、孔隙率分布、亲/疏水性分布合理,具有良好的三相反应界面以及质子、电子、反应气体、水等多相物质高效传输通道,从而能满足在低铂载量、低加湿以及高电流密度条件下高性能稳定工作。本文整理了近几年来有关燃料电池梯度化膜电极研究的相关文献,梳理了梯度化膜电极研究发展脉络,归纳总结了各种梯度化膜电极的制备方法、性能以及构效关系,并展望了梯度化膜电极下一步研究方向,对高性能、低成本、长寿命的燃料电池开发具有指导意义。

To achieve proton exchange membrane fuel cell long-life high-performance（ high power density or high current density） power generation at low cost（low platinum loading）,gradient design is introduced into fabrication of MEA. Gradient MEA includes gradient of each MEA assembly： gradient PTFE content and porosity of gas diffusion layer,gradient content of catalyst and Nafion in catalyst layer,and gradient hydrophobicity and porosity of micro-porous layer. Gradient MEA has reasonable distribution of catalyst, porosity and hydrophilicity /hydrophobicity,together with good three phase boundary and multiphase mass transmission channels（ e. g. proton,electron,reactant gas and water transmission channels）,thus achieving stable high performance of PEMFC at circumstance of low Pt loading,low humidity and high current density. Manufacturing methods,performance and structure-activity relationship of gradient MEA are reviwed in this paper based on the latest research literatures and patents,which has guiding significance for developing of low cost,long-life and high performance MEA.