密度泛函活性理论中的信息论方法（英文）

Information-Theoretic Approach in Density Functional Reactivity Theory

密度泛函活性理论(DFRT)运用简单的密度泛函探讨和定量化分子的反应活性,是近来发展起来的一个关于分子活性理论的新方法。在新近的文献中,这样的简单密度泛函的例子包括香农熵,费舍尔信息以及其它来自信息论中的密度泛函。本文综述了DFRT信息论方法的原理,包括物理信息极小原理、最小信息增益原理和信息守恒原理。总结了DFRT信息论方法在电子密度、形态密度和分子中的原子三种表述下的理论框架。此外,还介绍了运用信息论方法在定量描述空间位阻效应、亲电性、亲核性和区域选择性中的突出应用,以及对亲电芳香取代反应的邻对间位取代效应的起源和本质提供的一个全新诠释。最后简要地展望了该领域的几个可能的未来发展方向。

Density functional reactivity theory （DFRT） is a recent endeavor to appreciate and quantify molecular reactivity with simple density functionals. Examples of such density functionals recently investigated in the literature included Shannon entropy, Fisher information, and other quantities from information theory. This review presents an overview on the principles of the information-theoretic approach in DFRT, including the extreme physical information principle, minimum information gain principle, and information conservation principle. Three representations of this approach with electron density, shape function, and atoms-in-molecules are also summarized. Moreover, their applications in quantifying steric effect, electrophilicity, nucleophilicity, and regioselectivity are highlighted, so are the recent results in a completely new understanding about the nature and origin of ortho/para and meta group directing phenomena in electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. A brief outlook of a few possible future developments is discussed at the end.