长江经济带国土空间结构优化研究

Research on Territorial Development Pattern Optimization of Yangtze River Economic Belt

文章首先分析了1978年以来长江经济带空间结构发育的主要特征。结果显示,长江经济带形成了"两横三纵"的国土空间开发架构,人口和GDP呈现向沿海沿江集聚的态势,且经济发展水平由下游向上游呈梯级下降,农业生产空间向上游、山区转移且多与贫困地区交叠,国土空间整体开发强度较大,资源环境压力突出。由此提出,长江经济带国土空间优化应遵循国土空间结构演化的基本规律,按"点、线、面"形式组织国土空间结构。从"面"上看,应以主体功能区规划为基础,细化空间功能单元和区域类型,控制开发强度,近期应对一些需求迫切的关键区域加以重点关注。从"线"上看,主要通过城市群核心城市节点间快速连接轴线的建设,完善网络化、开放型的国土空间系统。从"点"上看,应以国家级城市群、国家新区建设为重点,培育新型增长极(群)。同时,通过上述途径建立合理的工业生产与城镇生活空间、保障农业生产空间、优化农村生活空间、建立多样化生态屏障空间,促进公平发展。

Optimization of the territorial development patterns is an important issue on regional development research. The Yangtze River Economic Belt takes up one fifth area of land of the country, and is one of the three national optimizing development zones and a primary territorial development axis. Since 2012, Chinese government has proposed several regional development strategies, including the Belt and Road initiative, the coordinated development strategy among Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and regional development strategies on the construction of the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The 13 th Five-Year Plan period is an important period for the implement of the Major Function-Oriented Zoning（MFOZ）, and scientific foundation for those three regional strategies. Based on the MFOZ, it is an important method to construct a territorial development structure with explicit function and balanced relationship between exploitation and protection. This paper analyzes the development of the spatial structure in the Yangtze River Economic Belt since 1978, and finds out that：（1） in the Belt, there is a kind of two vertical and three horizontal territorial development structure, including the main stream of the Yangtze River, the southern railway axis, the eastern coastal axis, Beijing-kowloon railway, and the western railways containing Chengdu-Chongqing railway and Hunan-Guizhou railway or the Chengdu-Kunming railway. Among these five axes, the main stream of the Yangtze River is the horizontal primary one. Along the primary axis, the area takes up more than sixteen percent of the overall Belt, but at the same time the population and GDP take up one-third and forty-five percent respectively.（2） Population and GDP aggregate toward sea and the River. From 1978 to 2013, the proportion of the GDP of the twenty-six cities and regions along the main stream in the Yangtze River Economic Belt has risen from one-fourth to one-third. At the same time, the economic development level has a gradient decent from downstream zone to upstream zone. Along the main stream there appear two low ebbs in GDP per capita, which are the edge zones between Hubei, Anhui, and Chongqing. There is an obvious gap between the cities along the main stream and the surrounding cities, especially in the middle and downstream.（3） The agriculture producing areas transfer toward upstream and the mountainous areas which are often poor-development zones.（4） The overall development intensity is large, and there is an appearing conflict between supply and demand in water resources, the land resources per capita is little and the development intensity is huge, and the air pollution and water environment pollution are worth of concern. Based on the evolution law, the paper proposes a kind of point-line-surface structure to optimize the territorial pattern.（1） For the surface, based on the MFOZ, refine spatial function unit and regional type, and control development intensity. Focus on the critical zones,including national new districts, development areas, important regional living spaces, critical ecological protecting areas, and trans-regional areas.（2） For the line, focus on core cities in metropolitan areas, establish fast transportation axes, and build a networking spatial system.（3） For the point, focus on national metropolitan area and new district, and raise newly-type growth poles. Intensify the core position of Shanghai as an international trade center and financial center. Promote the upgrading and reconstruction of the Yangtze River Delta, and build a manufacturing industrial cluster. Strengthen the growth-pole function of the Nanjing metropolitan area and the Wuhan metropolitan area, and cultivate growing districts from upstream area to middle stream, from east to midland. Make fine use of the growth-pole function of the Chengdu and Chongqing metropolitan area, and promote the element acceleration in the west.（4） Guarantee the agricultural producing areas, establish verified ecological shelter zone, by which means to establish reasonable industrial and urban space, agricultural and rural space, and ecological space.