新地域空间——国家级新区的特征解析与发展对策

Discussion on Characteristics and Problems of State-Level New Area

国家级新区是影响国家和区域发展但不为公众所熟知的重要地域空间。文章在国家发展改革委委托的《国家级新区发展报告(2015)》研究工作基础上,首先在理论上分析了国家级新区空间、功能、模式3个方面的一般特性和专属特性;实证解析了国家级新区发展的3个阶段以及战略功能重要、区域范围广阔、发展条件优越、区域分异明显等现状特征。进而,探讨了功能认识不够清晰、空间布局不够合理、发展模式不够新颖等国家级新区发展中值得关注的问题,提出了明确功能定位、优化空间布局和促进更好发展等方面的政策建议。

Since the reform and opening-up of 1978, China has experienced rapid industrialization and urbanization process. The key to this process is not the rise of new cities, but expansion of existing cities, including transformation and renovation of old urban districts and development of new urban districts. Among them, the new urban districts are main carrier of urbanization in recent years. The new urban districts can be classified into different levels according to their functions in national and regional development. Among them, the State-Level New Area is the highest-level district, usually endowed with national significant project of development, reform, and opening-up. Compared with the economic and technological development zones, high-tech development district and other new areas, the emergence of State-Level New Area is relatively late, and is a small number for a long time.By the end of 2014, there is 11 State-Level New Areas established upon approval of the State Council. Therefore, State-Level New Area is an important regional space which affects national and regional development but not well known to the public. The geographical scope of other new areas is often limited to a certain administrative boundary, but the StateLevel New Area can break the administrative boundaries, and across multiple administrative regions; other new areas are often relying on the old city in the same administrative region, while the State-Level New Area can choose the area of its development in a wider region. Although it can break through the restriction of administrative boundaries, the location choice of the State-Level New Area is not random and disorderly. Compared to other new areas, the function and development model of State-Level New Area have a higher demand. About the function, it emphasizes the function and the role of State-Level New Area in the major development strategies of country and regional. About the model, it pays attention to the exemplary and leading role of development experience of State-Level New Area on other areas.The three development stages of in 1992–2009, in 2010–2013, and after 2014 were divided. Among them, the first phase only approved the establishment of 2 State-Level New Area, it had the fewest number, but the best development conditions, which had the most significant leading role for national and regional development. In the second stage, the number of State-Level New Area was increased for 4. In the third stage, the approved new areas had the largest number and the heaviest density.The real evidence analyzed the important strategic function, wide regional area, good development conditions, obvious regional differentiation, and other characteristics of the present status. The 11 State-Level New Area are located in the national optimization development zone and key development zone, which is located in a principle axis of ＂two vertical and three horizontal＂in the territorial development. The land area of State-Level New Area is significantly greater than development zone, and the area of largest State-Level New Area（Dalian Jinpu New District） is 2299 square kilometers, which is almost the sum of all kinds of national development area. The construction of State-Level New Area usually relies on municipalities directly under the central government or the provincial capital city. There are significant differences in the development level, the maximum value of population and GDP are respectively 36.1 times and 91.3 times of the minimum.Based on the State-Level New Area Development Report 2015 entrusted by National Development and Reform Commission, this paper first theoretically analyses both common and unique characteristics of State-Level New Area＇s space, function, and pattern.Second, this paper empirically analyses State-Level New Area＇s three evolutionary processes and its basic characteristics as important strategic function, wide regional area, favorable development conditions, and remarkable regional differentiation. Furthermore, this paper investigates several issues from unclear functional understanding, unreasonable space layout, not new developmental pattern, and raises several policy suggestions on layout optimization, development promotion of State-Level New Area.