休闲与审美:一种“成为人”的过程

Leisure and Aesthetics:A Process of Becoming Human

人既是"自在"也是"自为"的存在,"成为人"则是"自然向人生成",必然向自由过渡的过程。休闲和审美都以自由为本质前提,是在一定程度上摆脱了来自物质和文化的压力,从而释放较为全面的本真人性,因此是"成为人"的重要情境和崇高境界。相对而言,作为现实生活体验的休闲,以身心的自由"践履"来丰富人性;审美则以"非功利的审美愉悦"来完善人性。但在现实中,休闲往往会因缺乏价值引导而走向"俗闲"乃至"恶闲",审美则会由于脱离生活而成为流于纯形式的游戏。所以,只有在休闲与审美互动中"成为人",方能使人消解"实然"的杂质和异化,回归"本然"的全真人性,臻于"应然"的理想境界。

Human existence is both in-self and for-self. It is a transition from the realm of necessity to that of freedom. Like aesthetics, leisure is also based on freedom and has to some extent got rid of material and cultural pressure and released a high degree of humanity, thus constituting an important context for ＂ becoming human＂. As a worldly experience, leisure enriches human nature by actively involving both mind and body, while aesthetics achieves the same effect through non-utili- tarian and aesthetic pleasure. However, in reality, due to an absence of moral guidance, leisure frequently degenerates into ＂ vulgar＂ or ＂ sinister＂ leisure, while aesthetics, once divorced from life, degrades into play for the sake of play. Therefore, it is only through an integration of leisure and aesthetics that the impurities and perversions of reality can be eliminated, a re- turn to human nature can be realized and an ideal world can be attained.