我国暴力流行及预防控制现状分析

Analysis on violence injury incidence and prevention in China

目的分析我国暴力流行水平及预防和控制现状，为开展暴力预防工作提供依据。方法利用2006--2013年全国疾病监测系统中的暴力死亡率数据和2013年全国伤害监测系统数据，分析暴力死亡和因暴力就诊病例的流行特征，梳理我国暴力预防的法律与政策、信息收集能力及暴力干预和受害者服务等工作现状。结果我国暴力死亡粗率从2006年的1．21／10万下降至2013年的0．65／10万，下降了46．3％。2013年男性暴力死亡率在30。34岁年龄组出现1个峰值（1．42／10万），15岁以前暴力死亡处于较低水平；女性在婴儿、30。34岁以及≥85岁出现3个暴力死亡峰值，死亡率分别为0．84／10万、0．72／10万和1．18／10万，其他年龄段暴力死亡率较低。预防各类暴力的策略分散体现在我国法律、政策中，我国预防家庭暴力的法律尚不完善；尚缺乏各类暴力发生率数据；干预服务多基于规模、时间有限的项目开展。结论2006-2013年我国暴力死亡粗率及标化死亡率均呈下降趋势，预防暴力可根据性别差异采取不同策略，我国暴力预防和控制可在法律完善、数据收集、服务常规化等方面开展更多工作。

Objective To understand the incidence of violence injury and its prevention in China, and provide reference for the prevention and control of violence injury. Methods The violence injury data in China were collected from national death surveillance data set （2006-2013） and national injury surveillance system （2013） for the descriptive epidemiological analysis on the incidence of violence injury and related death. The laws and policies about violence injury prevention, related data collection capacity and violence injury prevention programs in China were described. Results The violence injury mortality declined by 46.3% during 2006-2013 from 1.21/100 000 to 0.65/100 000. The incidence of violence injury death in males peaked in age group 30-34 years （1.42/ 100 000）, and it was low in age group 〈 15 years. Three peaks of violence injury death were found in females, i.e. 0.84/100 000 in infants, 0.72/100 000 in age group 30-34 years and 1.18/100 000 in age group ≥85 years. The laws and policies about violence injury prevention were imperfect, and the data about violence injury were limited. Most prevention programs were limited in scale and duration. Conclusions The crude and standardized violence injury mortality declined in China during 2006-2013. It is necessary to conduct gender specific prevention strategies and improve the related law and policy development, data collection and prevention service.