跨性别女性的特征及艾滋病相关知识行为调查

Gender characteristics and HIV/AIDS related knowledge awareness and behaviors of transgender women

目的了解跨性别女性（male．to．female，MTF）的性别特征、对艾滋病知识的知晓情况及其艾滋病相关行为状况。方法2014年在济南市采用滚雪球法招募MTF进行问卷调查，采用描述性流行病学的方法分析该人群的艾滋病知识知晓情况及其相关行为状况。结果共调查了55名MTF，均为生理性别男性，心理性别女性，性别冲突比较严重的27人（占49．1％），非常严重的8人（占14．5％）。以男性装扮从事社会生活的30人（占54．5％），以女性装扮从事社会生活的25人（占45．5％）。艾滋病基本知识平均知晓率为57．9％（22／38），对于该人群常见的多性伴、肛交等艾滋病相关的性行为知识了解很少。对于恋人或性伴的选择、交往过的恋人或发生性行为的对象、最近～次发生性行为的对象，选择男性的分别占58．2％（32／55）、50．9％（28／55）、63．6％（35／55）。最近一次发生性行为的对象为偶然性伴（网友和一夜情伴侣）的占56．3％（31／55）。性行为时从不使用安全套者18人（占32．7％），偶尔使用的29人（占52．7％），经常使用的4人（占7．3％），每次都用的4人（占7．3％）。结论MTF人群中艾滋病知识匮乏，无保护性接受性肛交行为普遍存在，多性伴、性生活频繁、安全套使用率低。该人群为艾滋病高危人群，亟需开展针对该人群的艾滋病干预预防措施。

Objective To understand the gender characteristics, HIV/AIDS related knowledge awareness and behaviors of transgender women. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among the transgender women recruited through snowball sampling in Jinan in 2014, and descriptive epidemiologic analysis was conducted on the survey results. Results A total of 55 transgender women were surveyed, all of them were male physically and female psychologically. Serious gender conflict occurred in 27 subjects （49.1%）, and very serious gender conflict occurred in 8 subjects （14.5%）. Thirty subjects dressed up as a man in social life, accounting for 54.5%; 25 subjects dressed up as a women in social life, accounting for 45.5%. The average awareness rate of HIV/AIDS related knowledge was 57.9%（22/38）. The awareness of knowledge about AIDS associated behaviors, such as multi sex partner and anal sex, was poor. For the lovers or sexual partners, 58.2% of the subjects （32/ 55） would choose males and 50.9% of the subjects （28/55） had chosen males, and for the sex partner at latest sex, 63.6%（35/55） of the subjects had chosen males. Up to 56.3% of the subjects had sex with casual sexual partners （net friends and partners of one-night stand） at latest sex behavior. Among the subjects surveyed, 18（32.7%） never used condoms; 29（52.7%） used condoms occasionally; 4（7.3%） used condoms frequently and 4（7.3%） used condoms at each sex. Conclusions AIDS associated high risk behaviors were common among the transgender women, such as unprotected anal sex, multiple sexual partners, frequent sex and poor condom use. It is necessary to conduct the study of the HIV infection prevention in transgender women.