氟离子荧光探针的研究进展

Research progress on fluorescent probes for fluoride ions

氟离子是电负性最强、离子半径最小的阴离子,是一个强路易斯碱,在化学、生物学、医学和军事等方面都具有重要作用。适量的氟化物摄入人体可以预防龋齿、治疗骨质疏松症,但是过量的摄入会导致氟斑牙、氟骨症、尿石症以及癌症等疾病,因此氟离子的识别与检测具有重要意义。化学荧光探针具有选择性好、灵敏度高、方便快捷、成本低廉等优点,近年来化学研究者设计合成了大量的氟离子荧光探针。根据识别机理不同,氟离子荧光探针主要划分为3种:氢键型、路易斯酸受体型、氢键和路易斯酸混合型。综述了近年来不同类型的氟离子荧光探针的研究进展,总结了氢键型和路易斯酸型氟离子荧光探针的优缺点,对未来氟离子荧光探针的研究方向进行了展望。

Fluoride ions play an important role in many chemical, biological, medical and military processes because of strongest electronegativity, the smallest ion radius, and strong Lewis base. Low levels of fluoride ions have shown to be effective for prevention of dental caries and treatment of osteoporosis. But high concentration of fluoride intake is harmful to human body. It may cause dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis, urolithiasis and diseases such as cancers. Therefore, the recognition and detection of fluoride ions is of great significance. Fluoride fluorescent probes have attracted a wide spread attention due to its high selectivity and sensitivity, speediness and convenience, low cost, etc. In recent years, the researchers designed and synthesized a large number of fluorescent probes for fluoride ions. According to detection mechanism, fluorescent probes for fluoride ions mainly contained three types： 1） the hydrogen bond type; 2） Lewis acid style; and 3） the hydrogen bond and Lewis acid mixed. In this paper, the research progress of different types of fluorescent probes for fluoride ions respectively was reviewed, the advantages and disadvantages of different types were summed up, and the future research of fluorescent probes for fluoride ions was prospected.