中国2011～2013年流行性乙型脑炎流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological Characteristics of Japanese Encephalitis in China,2011～2013

目的分析中国（未包括香港、澳门特别行政区和台湾地区,下同）2011~2013年报告流行性乙型脑炎（Japanese Encephalitis,JE,以下简称乙脑）病例的流行病学特征。方法对中国2011~2013年全国传染病报告信息管理系统（National Notifiable Disease Information Reporting System,NNDRS）报告的乙脑实验室和临床确诊病例数据进行描述流行病学分析。结果中国2011年报告乙脑发病率为0.12/10万（1625例）,报告死亡病例63例;2012年报告乙脑发病率为0.13/10万（1763例）,报告死亡病例59例;2013年报告乙脑发病率为0.16/10万（2178例）,报告死亡病例64例。2011年和2012年7~8月、2013年7~9月为发病季节高峰。2011~2012年的报告病例主要分布在西南地区,居前三位的省份为四川（646例,19.07%）、云南（577例,17.03%）和贵州（373例,11.01%）;2013年中北部地区报告病例数明显增多,如山东（409例,18.78%）、河北（234例,10.74%）和陕西（153例,7.02%）。2011、2012、2013年报告乙脑病例中〈15岁年龄组分别占88.98%、84.28%、57.35%;2013年≥40岁年龄组占31.08%。结论中国2011~2013年乙脑发病率维持在较低水平。2013年中北部地区发病较往年有所上升。2013年乙脑发病人群出现成人病例显著增高,需关注成人乙脑高发原因。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristic of Japanese Encephalitis（ JE） in China（ excluding Hong Kong,Macao Special Administrative Region,and Taiwan sheng） during 2011- 2013.Methods The laboratory-confirmed and clinical-confirmed cases that occurred during 2011- 2013 were analyzed using National Notifiable Disease Information Reporting System（ NNDRS）. Results The number of reported JE cases were 1 625（ including 63 deaths） in 2011,1 763（ including 59 deaths） in 2012 and 2 178（ including 64 deaths） in 2013,with the reported incidence rates of 0. 12,0. 13 and 0. 16 in 100 000 population,respectively; Seasonal peak occurred from July to August in 2011 and 2012,and from July to September in2013. In 2011 and 2012,most cases were reported in provinces of southwest China,such as Sichuan（ 646,19. 07%）,Yunnan（ 577,17. 03%） and Guizhou（ 373,11. 01%）. But in 2013,most cases occurred in provinces of central and northern China,such as Shandong（ 409,18. 78%）,Hebei（ 234,10. 74%） and Shaanxi（ 153,7. 02%）. Reported cases of JE among 15 years of age group accounted for 88. 98% in 2011,84. 28%in 2012,and 57. 35% in 2013. Cases aged over 40 years accounted for 31. 08% in 2013. Conclusions The incidence of JE remained at a low level in 2011-2013. In central and northern China,the incidence in 2013 was higher than that in previous years,and more cases occurred in adults. Attention should be paid to the causes of JE incidence in adults.