云南省2005～2013年风疹流行特征分析

Analysis on Epidemiological Characteristics of Rubella in Yunnan,2011-2013

目的了解云南省2005~2013年风疹流行病学特征,为风疹疫情的防控提供科学依据。方法对中国疾病预防控制信息系统及突发公共卫生事件信息报告管理系统报告的云南省2005~2013年风疹监测数据,进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2005~2013年共报告风疹病例31 166例,年平均报告发病率7.63/10万。每年4~6月为季节性发病高峰,每3~4年出现一次流行高峰。2005~2013年,北部地区平均发病率较高而东部地区平均发病率较低,除2010年迪庆州、2012年怒江州无病例报告外,每年各州（市）均有病例报告。2005~2013年风疹报告发病数男女性别比在1.08~1.32之间,且各年男性发病均高于女性。风疹发病以〈15岁人群为主,2010年以后〈15岁人群发病占总人群发病比例出现明显下降,而15~29岁人群发病占比出现持续上升趋势。发病人群中学生发病数均居各年总发病人数之首,占比在44.28%~76.75%之间,其次是幼托儿童,再次是散居儿童。2005~2013年共报告爆发疫情133起,每年均有风疹爆发疫情报告。所有爆发疫情除2005年有一起发生在村庄内,其余均发生在学校。结论尽快制定全国范围内切实可行的风疹控制策略,根据不同地区风疹的流行特点和传播规律,依托持续、高质量的含风疹成分疫苗（Rubella-containing Vaccine,RCV）常规免疫和补充免疫接种,实施有针对性的干预措施。

Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristic of rubella during 2005-2013,and provide scientific basis for prevention and control of rubella in Yunnan province. Methods Rubella surveillance data from China Disease Prevention and Control Information Systems and Public Health Emergency Information Report Management System in Yunnan province from 2011 to 2013 was analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Result From 2005 to 2013,there were 31 166 rubella cases reported in Yunnan province,with an average incidence rate of 7. 63 /100 000. Rubella presented with an obvious seasonal distribution,and the peak months was April to June. Except that there were no cases reported from Diqing prefecture in 2010 and from Nujiang prefecture in 2012,there were cases reported in other prefectures / cities during 2005-2013. The male to female ratio was between 1. 08 to 1. 32,and the cases in males were more than in females every year. Rubella mainly occurred in people aged 15 years.But the proportion of cases 15 years significantly decline after 2010,while the proportion of cases aged15 to 29 years continued to increase. Student cases dominated rubella incidence each year,with a proportion between 44. 28% ~ 76. 75%. Other groups with high incidence included kindergarten children and scattered living children. 133 rubella outbreaks were reported during 2005-2013. There were outbreak reports each year and most occurred in schools. Conclusion Rubella control and prevention policies should be formulated as soon as possible according to rubella transmission rules in different regions.The targeted interventions should be implemented,relying on a sustained routine and supplemental immunization of high-quality rubella-containing vaccine（ RCV）.