城市化进程、空间溢出与城乡人力资本水平差距——基于省域尺度和受教育年限的空间计量研究

Urbanization, Spatial Spillover and Rural-Urban Human Capital Gap:Spatial Econometric Study based on the Years of Education and Provincial Units

基于2004-2012年数据研究表明,以人均受教育年限刻画的我国各省域城乡人力资本水平的差距变化方向存在差异,京津沪和西北板块城乡人力资本水平差距相对较大。空间计量研究显示,人口城市化进程扩大了本地城乡人力资本水平差距,经济城市化对城乡人力资本水平差距有显著的溢出效应。城乡收入差距的缩小有利于弥补本地城乡人力资本水平差距,人均教育经费支出对缩小城乡人力资本水平差距同时具有直接效应和溢出效应。在推动城市化有序发展的同时,需要推动教育资源适度向农村倾斜,大力完善农村教育生态系统,多渠道增加农民收入以提升农村教育支付能力,强化区域间农村教育发展的统筹协调。

Based on the data of 2004-2012, the paper finds that rural-urban human capital gap in our country,which is depicted by the per capita education years, is different. The gap in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and North-west provinces are relatively large. Spatial econometric studies reveahhat the process of population urbanization expands the gap between urban and rural human capital, and the economic urbanization has significant spillover effects on the gap. The narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural areas is conducive to making up for the rural-urban human capital gap, and the per capita expenditure on education has both direct and indirect effect on it. In order to narrow rural-urban human capital gap, it is necessary to promote education resources appropriately to rural areas, perfect rural education ecosystem, increase farmers＇ income to enhance their education payment capacity, and strengthen the coordination of regional rural education development.