易卜生笔下凯蒂琳形象的斯芬克斯因子与伦理选择

On Catiline's Sphinx Factor and His Ethical Choices:A Study of Ibsen's Play Catiline from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism

易卜生创作的第一部戏剧《凯蒂琳》讲述了古罗马贵族政治家凯蒂琳的反叛及灶神庙女尼弗瑞亚对他复仇的故事。文学伦理学批评理论为理解这部作品及其主角凯蒂琳的形象提供了一个新的视角。剧中凯蒂琳遇到两对矛盾:第一,在事业上做英雄还是做普通人;第二,在爱情上追随妻子阿瑞丽亚还是追随灶神庙女尼弗瑞亚。这两对矛盾实质上就是凯蒂琳人性因子与兽性因子之间的矛盾,矛盾斗争的结果也必然影响他在一系列问题上的伦理选择,包括当情人还是丈夫、当英雄还是普通人、当烈士还是逃兵、当俘虏还是罪人、进天堂还是地狱等。作品中主要存在两条伦理线,一是政治伦理线,二是爱情伦理线,这两条伦理线因弗瑞亚的复仇而交织在一起。

Catiline was Henrik Ibsen＇s first play, which told about an ancient Roman noble politician Catiline （108-62 B.C.） who led a rebellion against the Roman government but was revenged by the nun Fulvia from the Vesta Temple. Ethical literary criticism provides a new perspective to this play and Catiline＇s role. In the play, Catiline is faced with two conflicts： to be a hero or a nobody in his career, and to follow his wife Aurelia or the nun Fulvia. These conflicts actually derive from the contradiction between his human factor and animal factor, and influenced his ethical choices in a series of matters, such as to be a lover or a husband, to be a hero or a nobody, to be a martyr or a deserter, to be a captive or criminal, to enter the paradise or the hell, etc. There are mainly two ethical lines in this play, the ethical line of politics and of love, which are interwoven due to Fulvia＇s revenge.