广州哈尔滨两市中小学生书包使用情况

Investigation on schoolbags usage situation among students in Guangzhou and Harbin

目的了解广州哈尔滨两市中小学生对书包的使用情况,提出学生对书包选择及使用的建议。方法随机抽取广州市和哈尔滨市5所学校的部分中小学生及其家长为研究对象,进行问卷调查,并对部分学生书包的重量和尺寸以及书包内容物的重量进行现场测量。结果哈尔滨市和广州市学生背负书包平均重量分别为(4.10±1.57)kg和(4.73±1.66)kg,广州市高于哈尔滨市(t=-3.829,P<0.01);随着年级的升高两市学生书包的重量越来越重(F值分别为43.458,44.415,P值均<0.01)。哈尔滨市和广州市学生背负书包的重量体重比大于10%的较多,分别占56.6%和76.6%;调查的613位家长学生中有331位家长认为孩子书包过重,150位家长认为书包尺寸不合适。两地学生在使用书包时产生许多不适的感觉,尤其以书包重(哈尔滨市为20.5%,广州市为43.6%)、感觉累(哈尔滨市为30.1%,广州市为54.1%)、肩膀酸痛(哈尔滨市为32.3%,广州市为40.5%)居多。相比无护脊书包,有护脊书包可以分散书包的重量,降低身体前倾几率,有利于学生身体发育。结论学生对书包的使用存在广泛的不合理性,应引起卫生、教育部门以及老师和家长的高度重视。

Objective To investigate the schoolbag-related usage situation among primary and secondary school students located in Guangzhou and Harbin to advise on aspects of schoolbags selection and use. Methods Parts of the students and their parents were randomly selected in five schools of Guangzhou and Harbin,they were investigated through a questionnaire,weight of their schoolbags including the total weight of school bags and what it contained were measured. Results The average weight of the students carrying schoolbags in Harbin and Guangzhou were（ 4. 10 ± 1. 57） kg and（ 4. 73 ± 1. 66） kg,respectively,weight of school bags in Guangzhou students was heavier than students in Harbin（ t =- 3. 829,P〈0. 01）. The higher grade,the heavier weight of schoolbag（ F = 43. 458,44. 415,P〈0. 01）. Schoolbag＇s weight ratio was mostly higher than 10%,accouting for 56. 6%and 76. 6% respectively; Of 613 pairs of parents who were investigated,331 parents thought their children＇s schoolbags were overweight,150 parents thought their children＇s schoolbags were of wrong size; Discomfort,especially heavy bags（ Harbin： 20. 5%,Guangzhou： 43. 6%）,feeling tired（ Harbin： 30. 1%,Guangzhou： 54. 1%）,shoulder pain（ Harbin： 32. 2%,Guangzhou：40. 5%） were most in the two regions; Compared to no protective function of the spine bag,bags protecting the spine can disperse the weight of school bags,reduce the chance of leaning forward,and contribute to students＇ physical development. Conclusion Irrational usage of bags is common among the students,and the government of sanitation or education,as well as teachers and parents should pay high attention to those questions.