农户视阈下的土地承包经营权归属问题研究

On the land ownership of land contractual right under the perspective of farmers

农户是我国法定的土地承包经营权主体,但是组成农户的自然人对该户之土地承包经营权是否均享有权利,各自然人的土地权利份额如何确定,在《土地承包法》及相关法律法规中语焉不详,由此带来诸多理论和实践中的困惑。因个人权利诉求和承包土地流转之客观需要,有必要通过修改法律或颁布司法解释等方法,明确农户内部成员土地承包经营权所有关系。应当授权现有农户内部成员就土地权利份额进行约定并承认其法律效力。若农户成员就其权利份额没有且无法达成协议,法律应规定成员之间成立按份共有关系,各成员份额以当初实际承包的土地份额及嗣后通过继承、赠与、转让等方式获得的承包土地份额为准。若无法确定各成员实际份额则推定为等额按份共有。同时应明确土地承包经营权的可继承性、可流转性并解除其与农民身份的"绑定"关系。

Farmers are the statutory body of land contractual management right, but whether the natural persons that become farmers shall have the right to the contracted management of land, and how to determine the share of the land rights of each natural person, have no specific and detailed evidences in the ＂Law on the Contracting of Rural Land＂ and relevant laws and regulations, which brings much confusion in theory and practice. In response to the objective needs of the individual rights and contracted land transfer, it is necessary to clear the internal members＇ land right share through changing the laws or promulgating judicial interpretations. Farmers should be authorized to fix internal members＇ land right shares by agreement and be recognized by law. If farmers can＇ t fix the internal members＇ land right shares by agreement, the law should provide the establishment of co-ownership by shares. Members share the land in accordance with the actual share from the original land contract, inheritance, donate and transfer. If household members can not define the actual shares of each other, presumption of law to be equal by shares should be used. At the same time, it should be clear that the rural land contractual management right can be inherited, transferred, and it should be disassociated from farmer identity.