试论《国语》所反映的先秦用乐及乐论

On the application and theory of music in pre-Qin period reflected in Guoyu

《国语》是先秦时期一部重要的语体史书,载录了许多西周和春秋时人用乐、论乐的资料。从这些材料能够看出音乐在先秦社会政治文化中的重要地位。音乐在先秦社会中的功能主要包括乐占、乐教和宴飨用乐。《国语》论乐文字展现了先秦乐论的三个重要特征:开始注意音乐的娱乐功能,强调乐是政治兴衰的表征,中和是先秦音乐审美和音乐伦理的核心范畴。《国语》所载时人用乐和论乐,既有一定的神秘意味,又有较强的理性色彩和政治功用性。

Guoyu is an important historical work of discourse during the pre-Qin period. It records the application and the theory of music, which reflects that music plays an important role in the political culture during the pre-Qin period. The main functions of the music in pre-Qin period include divination, moralization and entertaining banquets. The music texts in Guoyu reflects three important characteristics during the pre-Qin peropd： begin to pay more attention to music entertainment functions, emphasize that music is the representation of political rise and fall, affirm the ＂harmony＂, which is the core category of the pre-Qin peropd＇ s music. The application and the theory of music reflected in Guoyu show a certain mysterious, rational conception and political efficacy.