养分管理对寒地直播稻干物质积累、转运及产量影响

Effect of nutrient management on dry matter accumulation, transportation and yield of direct-seeded rice in cold area

采用大田对比试验方法,设置移栽、免耕旱直播、起垄旱直播3种栽培方式,研究以前氮后移为基础的不同栽培方式对寒地直播稻群体质量、干物质积累规律及产量形成影响。结果表明,与移栽相比,直播能显著改善水稻群体质量,使叶源保持较高生产能力,增加单茎茎鞘重,增强茎秆强度,畅通物质运输;可促进水稻后期干物质积累,提高抽穗后物质同化量和同化贡献率,免耕、起垄直播稻抽穗后物质同化量分别比移栽提高24.9%(P<0.01)和16.7%(P<0.01),对产量的同化贡献率分别提高25.7%(P<0.01)和13%(P<0.01);有效穗数减少,结实率和穗粒数增加,千粒重无显著差别,产量基本持平。免耕直播与起垄直播穗粒数分别比移栽多24.4和27个(P<0.01)。免耕直播稻结实率较移栽高2.2个百分点,起垄直播较免耕高3.9个百分点。起垄直播与移栽水稻产量持平,达到7.65 t·hm-2,免耕直播产量略低,但差异不显著。

A field comparison experiment with transplanted rice, no-tillage direct-seeded and ridge direct-seeded rice were conducted to study the effects of nutrient management on rice population quality, dry matter accumulation and yield formation in cold area. Results showed that compared with transplanted rice, direct-seeding significantly improved rice population quality, kept high production capacity, increased weight of single stem leaf sheath, guarantee the stem strength, smooth material transportation. Direct-seeding could strongly promote the late dry matter accumulation of rice, improved the post-heading stored assimilate accumulation and contribution of post-heading stored assimilate to grain yield, no-till and ridge direct-seeded rice increased by 24.9%（P〈0.01） and 16.7%（P〈0.01） in the post-heading stored assimilates accumulation, respectively, increased the contribution of post-heading stored assimilate to grain yield by 25.7% （P〈0.01） and 13% （P〈0.01） compared to the transplanted method. Compared with transplanted rice, direct-seeding showed the follow effects, reduced effective panicle number, increased seed setting rate and number of kernels per spike. There was no significant difference among 1000-grain weight and yield. The spike grain number of no-till and ridge direct-seeded rice higher than that of transplanted rice by 24.4 and 27 （P〈0.01）, respectively. The seed setting rate of no-till direct-seeded rice was 2.2% higher than that of transplanted rice, ridge directed-seeded was 3.9%. The highest yield of this experiment is transplanted rice and ridge directedseeded rice, which reached 7.65 t· hm^-2, no-till direct-seeded rice was lower than transplanted rice, but no significant difference.