语境、意向与指称——塞尔与马蒂尼奇的意向指称理论之比较

Context,Intention and Reference: Comparative on Searle and Martinich's Intentional Theory of Referring

塞尔认为只要说话者心有所想并有意向地说出如此这般的话就能够指称成功。马蒂尼奇秉承了塞尔意向指称的实质内容,对指称的涵义和目标做了进一步的区别,并通过考虑听者因素提出了成功指称的4种情况,这可以看成是对塞尔意向指称理论的有力补充。但塞尔和马蒂尼奇的分析都没有对说话者和听者发生识别错误时如何能够达成有效交流作进一步的说明,为此通过引入语境因素进行了分析。

Searle thought that the speaker could refer successfully when he thinks of the object and makes the statements with intention. Martinich inherited the essentials of Searle＇ s intentional theory of reference and distinguished the sense and the object of reference, thus put forward four kinds of successful referencse by considering the role of hearer. Martinich＇ s analysis could be seen as the sup- plement to Searle＇ s theory ; However, neither Martinich nor Searle＇ s thesis had argued how to a- chieve the effective communication when speaker and hearer made the wrong identification. Both the theory should complement with context.