聚合物基建筑保温材料的热行为及燃烧行为

Thermal Behavior and Combustion Behavior of Polymer-Based Thermal Insulation Materials for Buildings

对模塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板(EPS),挤塑聚苯乙烯泡沫板(XPS)和聚异氰酸酯-聚氨酯泡沫板(PIR-PU)的热分解行为、燃烧行为、燃烧烟气中的主要毒害气体和热裂解产物进行了研究.结果表明:PIR-PU的初始分解温度和最大热分解温度明显低于EPS和XPS,EPS和XPS的热分解行为基本相同,高温下PIR-PU的残炭率高,而EPS和XPS基本不成炭;PIR-PU的热释放速率、总热释放量、生烟速率和总生烟量均明显低于EPS和XPS,但PIR-PU点燃时间比EPS和XPS短;PIR-PU,EPS和XPS的燃烧烟气中均存在CO和HCN等毒害气体,有效剂量分数(FED值)表明PIR-PU的燃烧烟气毒性最大;PIR-PU热裂解产物中的异氰酸酯衍生物、苯胺衍生物和含氯阻燃剂是其燃烧生成HCN和HCl的主要原因,而EPS和XPS热裂解产物中大量的芳香族衍生物是其生烟量较大的一个重要原因.

The thermal decomposition behavior,combustion behavior and pyrolysis behavior of expandable polystyrene（EPS）,extruded polystyrene（XPS）and polyisocyanate-polyurethane（PIR-PU）were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis（TGA）,cone calorimeter coupled with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（CC-FTIR）and pyrolysis gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer（GC-MS）.Results of TGA indicate that initial decomposition temperature of PIR-PU is significantly lower than that of EPS and XPS;thermal decomposition behavior of EPS and XPS is very similar;at high temperature,compared with EPS and XPS,PIR-PU is with much more char.From results of CC-FTIR,the values of heat release rate（HRR）,total heat release（THR）,smoke production rate（SPR）and total smoke production（TSP）of PIRPU are significantly lower than that of EPS and XPS,and time to ignition（TTI）of PIR-PU is shorter than that of EPS and XPS;the toxic gases such as CO and HCN are detected in fire effluents of PIR-PU,EPS and XPS,fractional effective dose（FED）values suggest that fire hazard of the toxic gases in fire effluents of PIR-PU is the most serious.Results of pyrolysis GC-MS indicate that isocyanate derivatives,aniline derivatives and chlorine-containing flame retardant in pyrolysis products of PIR-PU are the main reason for the presence of HCN and HCl in fire effluents,and aromatic derivatives in pyrolysis products of EPS and XPS lead to much smoke.