枇杷香气成分固相微萃取条件的正交试验优化

Orthogonal Array Optimization of Solid Phase Micro-Extraction Conditions for Loquat Aroma Compounds

探讨顶空固相微萃取采集枇杷香气的最优条件,以红肉枇杷"金华1号"为材料,采用正交试验研究萃取温度、萃取时间、样品量和萃取头类型4个因素对枇杷香气检出峰数量和总峰面积的影响。以总峰面积为评价指标时,萃取条件最优组合为萃取温度50℃、萃取时间40 min、样品量6 g和萃取头类型85μm PA,但检出峰数偏低。以检出峰数为评价指标,在保证检出峰数差异不显著的前提条件下,选取总峰面积大的萃取条件作为最优组合,即萃取条件的最优组合为萃取头类型50/30μm DVB/CAR/PDMS、萃取时间20 min、萃取温度50℃、样品量5 g。本研究共检测到8类91种香气成分,其中醇类物质占17.6%;醛类物质占13.2%;酯类物质占24.2%;烷烃类物质占14.3%;酮类占9.9%;烯烃类物质占10.9%;酸类物质占6.6%;其他类物质3种,占3.3%。

This study aimed to explore the optimal conditions of head space solid phase micro-extraction （HS-SPME） for the analysis of aroma compounds in ＂Jinhua 1＂ red-fleshed loquats. An orthogonal array design was applied to establish the optimum conditions of extraction temperature, extraction time, sample weight and fiber. The results showed that based on peak area, the optimal conditions were determined as follows： 6 g of sample was extracted at 50 ~C for 40 min using an 85 tun PA fiber, under which, however, a smaller number of peaks were separated, while those determined based on the total number of peaks without producing significant differences in this parameter were determined as follows： 5 g of sample was extracted at 50 ℃ for 20 min using a 50/30 μm DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber. A total of 91 aroma components were identified in loquat, which belonged to eight chemical classes including alcohols （17.6%）, aldehyde （13.2%）, esters （24.2%）, alkane （14.3%）, ketone （9.9%）, olefins （10.9%）, acids （6.6%） and three other substances （3.3%）.