水性温敏型聚氨酯的合成与性能

Synthesis and Characterization of Thermo-Sensitive Waterborne Waterproof and Breathable Polyurethane

以嵌段共聚醚、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯、二羟甲基丙酸、1,4-丁二醇为原料,合成了水性温敏型防水透湿聚氨酯(PTPE-PU)。用红外光谱表征了PTPE-PU的化学组成;通过粒度测定及Zeta电位分析仪考察了乳液的稳定性;通过差热扫描量热、正电子湮灭谱及拉伸试验研究了PU膜的热性能、自由体积空洞及力学性能;采用抗渗水性测定仪、织物透湿量测定仪测试了涂层织物的静水压和透湿量。结果表明,PTPE-PU具有明显的结晶熔融行为;PTPE-PU膜的自由体积在熔融温度附近会发生突跃,具有温敏性;涂层织物的透湿量在软段结晶熔融温度附近也发生突跃,温度为38℃时,其透湿量为2950 g/(m^2·d)。

For the synthesis of high-performance fabric coating agents,water borne temperature sensitive waterproof and permeable polyurethane（ PTPE-PU） were synthesized using block copolyether as soft segment,dimethylol propionic acid as hydrophilic agent,1,4-butanediol as hard segment regulator,and isophorone diisocyanate. The chemical composition of modified polyurethane was characterized using infrared spectroscopy. Emulsion stability was studied by nanoparticle size and zeta potential analyzer. Thermal properties,free volume hole and mechanical properties of PTPE-PU film were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry,positron annihilation spectroscopy and static tensile test. The results of differential scanning calorimetry analysis show that PT10PE10-PU of PTPE-PU series has the most significant crystal melting behavior（ melting temperature is about 31 ℃）; the results of positron annihilation spectroscopy show that free volume of PT10PE10-PU membrane has a sudden jump near melting temperature. It is clearly temperature-sensitive so that water vapor permeability of coated fabrics has a sudden jump near the crystal melting temperature. The water vapor permeability of PT10PE10-PU coated fabrics is 2950 g /（ m^2·d） as the test temperature is 38 ℃.