次大国:概念、二重性与国际体系

Secondary States:Conceptual Frame,Duality and the International System

综合国力和关键项是界定次大国的基本要素,构成了次大国发挥作用的内在因素。综合国力较强(不如大国,优于中等国家)、关键项存在缺陷是次大国的共同特征。次大国的二重性主要表现在次大国的大国雄心与小国行为并存:大国雄心是指成为全球性大国的志向,小国行为表现为搭便车和追随大国等方面。此外,次大国的概念在不同的时代背景下有着不同的意义,并非固定不变,因此,国际体系构成了次大国二重性的外部因素。在当今时代背景下,因全球化、多极化发展,次大国的作用和地位凸显,其二重性也因此得以更加充分地在国际舞台上展现。

Comprehensive national power and normative role are the basic factors which define a secondary state,and which shape the roles that secondary states can play.Secondary states generally have relatively strong comprehensive national power(not as powerful as great states,but stronger than medium states),but face shortcomings with respect to normative roles.The duality of secondary states comes in the fact that they have great power ambitions,while their mode of behavior is similar to that of small states.By great power ambitions,we mean that they aspire to become a global power;by saying that they follow the behavior of small states,we mean that they practice free riding and align closely with great powers.In addition,the concept of the secondary state takes on different meanings during different historical periods,and is by no means static.As such,the international system features a duality vis-a-vis external factors when it comes to secondary states.Within the contemporary international context of globalization and development towards a multipolar system,the role and importance of secondary states is especially evident,and the duality of such states is much more apparent on the international stage.