「と」「ば」「たら」「なら」条件句的语用分析

Pragmatic Analysis of Conditional Clauses of “to”,“ba”,“tara”and “nara”in Japaness

「と」、「ば」、「たら」和「なら」形式的条件句,其具体使用语境复杂多样。「と」条件句,用于表示客观叙述认识主体之外的客观世界中两事物间的因果逻辑关系,在强调该条件的规律性和必然性的语境下使用;「ば」条件句,用于表示认识主体认为要想达到所期待的结果就必须满足前项所提出的条件,在强调该条件的必要性、恒常性和因果性的语境下使用;「たら」条件句,用于表达客观叙述假设的因果逻辑关系,主要用于以某个具体动作的实现为条件的语句中,在强调该条件的个别性、偶然性和实现性的语境下使用;「なら」条件句,用于表达认识主体认为的假想因果关系,在强调该条件的假定性和说话人主观性的语境下使用。

The conditional clauses of ＂to＂, ＂ba＂, ＂tara＂, ＂nara＂ are diversified in their pragmatic usages. ＂to＂ clauses are used to indicate the cause and effect relation between two objective parts except the objective narrative individuals concerned, aiming to emphasize the regularity and inevitability of the contexts involved. ＂ba＂ clauses convey the subjects＇ consideration that the anticipating results can be a- chieved on the premise that the former requirements must be met, highlighting necessity, stability, cause and effect relation. ＂tara＂ clauses can imply the cause and effect relation of the objective hypothesis of that narration, which can be used in a sentence that a particular action should be achieved first, emphasizing the individuality, occasionlity and reality of the context. ＂nara＂ clauses refer to the assumed cause and effect relation of the cognitive subjects, emphasizing the context is assumed and subjective.