海洋动物遥测技术进展研究

Research Progress of Marine Animal Telemetry Technologies

动物遥测技术能够科学地观测世界各大海域、沿海河流、入海口以及大型湖泊中的动物的运动轨迹及生活习性。对环境特殊的海域(例如漩涡、海水上升流等)、难以观测的海域(例如深海沟等)、以及观测成本昂贵的海域(例如南极、北极等),以动物为载体的遥测技术也提供了重要的启示。目前,在动物遥测技术领域中具有代表性的有美国的ATN、澳大利亚的AATAMS和加拿大的OTN。通过对这3个动物遥测网络的技术、发展现状以及规模等方面进行分析,阐述动物遥测在海洋环境、海洋渔业、生态管理、生物多样性保护等方面的巨大价值。最后,对国内动物遥测技术的发展现状进行阐述并指出国内外技术的差距,对未来的发展方向提出建议。

Animal telemetry is a science of observing and elucidating the movements and behaviors of animals as they move through the world’s oceans, coastal rivers, estuaries and great lakes. Animals are particularly adept at helping scientists investigate the habitats with special environments（e.g., eddies and upwelling areas）, difficulties in observation（e.g., deep sea trenches） and high costs for monitoring（e.g., polar areas）. At present, the ATN in the USA, AATAMS in Australia and OTN in Canada are the three leading technological networks in this field.Through the comparative analysis on the three animal telemetry networks in the aspects of technology,development status and application scale, it is expounded that the animal telemetry technology will provide valuable and important short and long-term benefits in marine environment protection, fishery enhancing,ecosystem-based management and biodiversity conservation. Finally, this paper focuses on the development status of China’s own animal telemetry technology, points out the gap between domestic and overseas technological levels, and puts forward some suggestions for the future progress of this technology.