遮阴对花生生长发育及产量的影响

The Influence of Shading on the Peanut Growth and Yield

[目的]研究遮阴对花生生长发育及产量的影响。[方法]对2013年从资源圃中筛选的15份材料进行遮阴处理,并测定其干物质重量、主茎高、侧枝长、分枝数、光合速率、叶绿素相对含量、荚果产量、总果数、饱果数等。[结果]遮阴使花生主茎增高,侧枝缩短,分枝数减少,干物质积累下降尤其是生育后期下降特别明显,总果数与饱果数减少,叶片叶绿素相对含量下降,光合速率降低,但总体而言这些变化对花生的正常生长是不利的,最后导致花生产量下降。[结论]遮阴改变了花生正常的生长环境使之处于光照不足的环境,影响了花生的正常生长发育;对花生生长的影响随着生育进程的推进而加重,同时花生品种之间对遮阴有着不同程度的反映,这说明花生品种的耐阴性存在差异。

[ Objective] The aim was to study the influence of shading on peanut growth and yield. [ Method] In 2013, 15 material screening from the garden were shaded, and dry matter weight, main stem height, lateral branch length, branch number, photosynthetic rate, chloro- phyll relative content, pod yield and total fruit number, full fruit number, etc were determined. [ Result] Shading increased peanut main stem, lateral branch and branch number, and dry matter accumulation decreased especially late fertility decline was especially obvious, the to- tal number of fruit number and the full fruit reduced falling production, photosynthetic rate declined with leaf chlorophyll relative content fall- ing. But overall changes all was unfavorable to the normal growth of peanut, finally led to the decrease of the peanut harvest yield. [ Conclusion] The insufficient light environment affected the normal growth and development of peanut; effect on peanut growth with the advancement of fertility was aggravating, and shading have different degree of reaction between peanut varieties, indicating that the shadow resistance of peanut varieties existed differences.