1961~2012年鲁西南云量变化特征及与其他气候因子的关系

Variation of Cloud Amount and Its Influence on Climatic Factors in Southwest of Shandong from 1961 to 2012

利用1961～2012年鲁西南9个地面气象观测站云量及降水、气温、日照时数、相对湿度资料，分析近52年来鲁西南总、低云量的变化特征及其与相关气候因子的关系。结果表明，近52年鲁西南平均总云量以0.089成/10a的速度递增，平均低云量以0.110成/10a的速度递减。平均总云量在秋冬季节与气温的正相关性比较明显，云量增加1成，秋季和冬季平均气温分别升高0.48、0.83 ℃；平均低云量在各个季节与气温均呈负相关，春季负相关非常显著，云量增加1成，平均气温降低1.49 ℃；云量与平均降水量正相关性显著，年平均总云量增加1成，年降水量增加146.1 mm，春季、夏季、秋季和冬季降水量分别增加48.4、107.1、55.4、12.2 mm；年平均总云量、低云量分别与≥0.1、≥1.0、≥10、≥25 mm降水日数呈显著正相关；总云量对日照的影响最为直接，对秋季日照的影响较大，云量增加1成，秋季总日照时数减少154.3 h，春季减少54.5 h，夏季减少134.2 h，冬季减少60.6 h；总云量与夏季、秋季相对湿度呈显著正相关，云量增加1成，夏季和秋季平均相对湿度分别增加3.3%和4.1%。

Using the nine ground meteorological observatory of cloud and precipitation, temperature, sunshine hours, relative humidity data, the variation characteristics of total and low cloud cover and its relationship with climate factors associated in the southwest of Shandong Province from 1961 to 2012 were analyzed. The results showed that： The average total cloud cover increased by 8.9%/10a, but the average low cloud cover decreased by 11%/10a decline in recent 52 years, the average total cloud cover in autumn and winter are the obvious positive correlation with temperature, when cloud cover increased by 10%, the autumn average temperature increased by 0.48℃, and increased by 0.83℃ in winter; The average low cloud cover is negatively related to the temperature are in each season, when cloud cover increased by 10%, the average temperature decreased by 1.49 ℃. The average cloud cover and precipitation is significantly related, The annual precipitation increased by 146. 1 mm when annual mean cloud amount increased by 16%. When seasonal mean cloud amount increased 10% ,the precipitation increased by 48.4, 107.1, 55.4 and 12.2 ram in spring, summer, autumn and winter. The average annual total cloud cover and low cloud cover respectively with ≥ 0. 1, ≥1.0 ≥10,≥25 mm precipitation days was significantly positive correlation. The sunshine hours was seriously influenced by cloud amount, when cloud amount increased by 10%, the sunshine hours decreased by 54.5 h in spring, 134.2 h in summer, 154.3 h in autumn and 60.6 h in winter. The total cloud cover and summer and autumn was significantly positively related to relative humidity, when cloud amount increased by 10%, The relative humidity increased by 3.3% in summer, 4.1% in autumn.