紫芽茶树种质资源主要生化成分差异性分析

Analysis on Differences of Major Biochemical Components of Purple-Bud Tea Tree Germplasm Resources

以28份不同紫芽茶树种质资源为供试材料，采摘春梢一芽二叶制备蒸青茶样，进行水浸出物、茶多酚、氨基酸总量、咖啡碱、花青素含量和各儿茶素组分、酯型儿茶素总量、简单儿茶素总量、儿茶素总量等生化成分差异性分析。结果表明：供试材料均具有高水浸出物（〉45．00％）特性；茶多酚含量变幅为17．30％～27．50％，平均为23．43％，高茶多酚（〉25．00％）材料有7份，以‘右文岗红梗绿叶2号’含量最高；氨基酸变幅为1．50％～5．80％，平均为2．99％，高氨基酸（〉4．00％）材料有4份，以‘隔界大叶4号’含量最高；花青素含量变幅为0．90～26．40mg／g，平均为4．50mg／g，高花青素（〉10．00mg／g）材料有3份，以‘隔界大叶1号’含量最高。紫芽茶树种质资源芽叶紫色深浅与芽叶中的花青素含量关系密切，芽叶紫色程度越深，花青素含量越高。供试28份紫芽茶树种质资源内含物质丰富，均达到特异茶树种质资源的指标要求，可以作为进一步深入研究的重要资源，也为有针对性地合理开发利用和培育茶树品种提供优良材料。

Selecting 28 tea tree germplasms with purple bud as test materials, the new shoots with one bud and two leaves were picked to make steamed samples. And then, the differences between different germ- plasms were analyzed in biochemical component contents such as water extract, tea polyphenols, total free a- mino acids, caffeine, anthocyanin content, various catechin compositions, total content of ester type cate- chins, simple catechins and total catechins. The results showed that all the tested materials contained high wa- ter extract （ 〉 45.00% ）. The content of tea polyphenols was in the range of 17.30% N 27.50% with the mean as 23.43% ; and there were seven materials with high tea polyphenols （ 〉 25.00% ） , among them,Youwengang 2 with red stems and green leaves contained the highest. The content of amino acids was in the range of 1.50% - 5.80% with the mean as 2.99% ; and there were four materials with high amino acids （ 〉 4.00% ）, among them, Gejie 4 with big leaves contained the highest. The content of anthocyanins was in the range of 0.90 - 26.40 mg/g with the mean of 4.50 mg/g ; there were three materials which had high anthocy- anins （ 〉 10.00 mg/g） features, among them, Gejie 1 with big leaves contained the highest. The bud leaves being dark or light purple in color was closely related to the content of anthocyanins. The deeper the purple of the bud leaves was, the higher the content of anthocyanin was. The 28 tested materials of tea tree germplasms with purple bud contained rich internal substances, and all reached the index requirement of peculiar tea tree germplasm resources. So they could be used as important resources for further deep study, and also provide fine breeding materials for the reasonable development and cultivation of tea tree varieties.