终身教育视角下新型职业农民培育多样化需求与政策转型--基于陕西省太白县的实证调查

On Diversified Needs and Political Transformation of New Professional Farmers under Perspective of Lifelong Education——Based on the Empirical Investigation on Taibai County of Shaanxi Province

终身教育背景下，新型职业农民培育的需求呈现多样化特征。通过对陕西省太白县213例农民的实证调查发现：新型职业农民培育的主体是多样化的，务农者、初中学历、18--30岁和收入较高群体参与培训的意愿更强；培训目的主要以增加收入和提高技能为主；培训内容需求包括农业技能、农业新品种、农产品市场营销等；培训方式需求包括定点培训、到示范园参观、观看专题片等，其中定点培训的需求最大；培训时间需求主要包括一周、一月、一季度和一年以内；培训地点和费用需求主要为在本村开展收费较低或免费培训。基于新型职业农民培育的现实需求，未来政策应加强农户的筛选分类培训、提升培训内容和形式的针对性和创新性、培训时间和地点应以短期、就近培训为主。同时，政府应加大资金投入，为新型职业农民培训提供保障。

From the perspective of lifelong education, the demand of cultivation of new professional farmers is diversified. By investigating of 213 cases of peasants in Taibai County, Shaanxi Province, it found that the training need of current new professional farmers is various. Farmers, the junior high school degree, the aged 18 to 30 and the high income groups had stronger willingness to participate in the training. The cultivation mainly tried to improve skills and increase income. Training content included agricultural skills, new agricultural varieties, marketing of agricultural products, and so on. Training methods such as fixed-point training, visiting the demonstration garden and watching films, were adopted, and fixed-point training was the most need. The duration demand of training varied from one week, one month, one season and one year. The requirement of training places was mainly local in the village and the training expense was low, or free. Based on the realistic requirement of new type of professional farmers＇ cultivation, the policies should strengthen the screening of classified training, improve the pertinence and innovativeness of training content and form, shorten the span of the training time and site the training place to the nearest. Additionally, government should increase finical input to provide safeguard for the training of new professional farmers.