垄膜沟种不同沟垄比对春玉米水分利用和产量的影响

Effects of Different Ratios of Furrow to Ridge Under Ridge Film Mulching and Furrow Seeding on Water Use and Yield of Spring Corn

为进一步提高半干旱区春玉米水分利用效率和产量,设计3种垄膜沟种不同沟垄比带型,分别为60cm∶60cm,60cm∶45cm和60cm∶30cm,以传统种植为对照,研究不同处理对土壤水分和玉米产量的影响。结果表明：在2008—2009年的两年试验中,垄膜沟种不同带型处理的平均土壤贮水量在玉米整个观测期基本上比对照不同程度有所增加。由于两年间降雨量不同且降雨分布不均,使2008—2009年度沟垄集雨种植玉米产量差异很大。但不同带型增产趋势基本一致,两年间不同带型垄膜沟种的产量比对照分别增加9.85%~14.52%和24.88%~27.20%,水分利用效率分别比对照增加12.57%~14.75%和7.42%~18.03%。通过回归分析得出在辽西半干旱地区玉米垄膜沟种比较适宜的沟垄比为60cm∶40.5cm,此条件下可使玉米理论产量达到最高。垄膜沟种技术是适合于半干旱地区能较好提高水分利用效率和产量的一种种植方式。

The purpose of this study was to make full use of the limited natural rainfall,improve water use efficiency in dry farming area and promote high and stable yield of spring corn.The experiment was designed as three strip shapes which were 60cm∶60cm,60cm∶45cm and 60cm∶30cm,respectively,to study the impacts of different strip shapes on spring corn yield and soil water while conventional farming was set as CK during the period from 2008 to 2009.The results showed that soil water storage of different strip shapes increased compared separately to CK during growth period of corn.The output differences of spring cron were obvious because of the differences of rainfall and rainfall distribution during the period from 2008to2009.But the trend of increasing production of different stripshapes was same and the yield of different strip shapes increased by 9.85% ~14.52% and 24.88% ~27.20%,respectively,and water use efficiency increased by 12.57%~14.75%and 7.42%~18.03%,respectively,compared to CK through two years field experiments.By regression analysis,the optimum ratio of furrow to ridge for spring corn was about 60cm∶40.5cm,which made the theory corn production highest.This technology could improve water use efficiency and yield compared to CK in the semi-arid areas.