三七的经口急性毒性及亚慢性毒性研究

Acute oral toxicity and subchronic toxicity of Panax notoginseng

目的观察三七的经口急性毒性及亚慢性毒性作用。方法 SD大鼠20只,雌雄各半,采用最大耐受剂量法检测三七的急性毒性作用。80只SD大鼠随机分为阴性对照组、低、中、高剂量组,每组20只,雌雄各半,经口染毒剂量分别为0.000、0.750、2.372、7.500 g/(kg·BW),连续染毒90 d,定期观察一般健康状况,记录体重和摄食量并计算食物利用率,终期检测血液学和血液化学指标,并进行大体解剖,称取重要脏器重量并计算脏/体比值,对高剂量组和阴性对照组大鼠的主要脏器进行组织病理学检查,检查大鼠亚慢性经口毒性作用。结果在14 d观察期内,未出现受试物引起的中毒和死亡情况。雌雄大鼠均外观正常,四肢活动正常。剖检未出现肉眼可见病变。获得三七SD大鼠的经口最大耐受剂量>20.25 g/(kg·BW)。大鼠亚慢性经口毒性试验各剂量组动物一般生理体征、行为、外观、皮毛和大小便等均无异常,体重、食物利用率、血液学指标、血液化学指标、脏器重量、脏/体比值、组织病理学检查结果均无与受试物相关的异常。结论在本实验条件下,三七属无毒级物质,大鼠亚慢性经口毒性试验最大未观察到有害作用的剂量(NOAEL)>7.500 g/(kg·BW)。

Objective To access the acute oral toxicity and subchronic oral toxicity of Panax notoginseng. Methods Twenty SD rats（ 10 males,10 females） were selected to access the acute oral toxicity of Panax notoginseng,using maximum tolerated dose（ MTD） method. Eighty SD rats were randomly divided into negative control group,and low,medium and high dose groups（ 20 rats in each group,half male and half female）,to detect the subchronic oral toxicity of Panax notoginseng. Then,Panax notoginsengat was administered by gavages at doses of 0. 000,0. 750,2. 372,and 7. 500 g /（ kg·BW） for 90 days. The general health status of the rats was observed,the weight and food intake were recorded,and the food utilization rate was calculated. In the final stage,hematologic and serum chemical parameters were tested,the gross anatomy was performed,and organ to body weight ratios were determined. The organs of rats in high dose group and negative control group were examined by histopathology. Results The poisoning and death were not occurred during the 14 days of observation period. Appearance and limbs of both male and female rats were normal. No visible lesions were seen in the autopsy. The MTD of Panx notoginseng in SD rats was greater than 20. 25 g /（ kg · BW）. Abnormal general physiological signs,behavior,appearance,fur and size were not observed in the rats in all the dose groups for the subchronic oral toxicity. Body weight,food consumption rate,hematological and blood biochemistrical parameters,organ weights,organ to body weight ratios,and histopathological examination showed no abnormality. Conclusion Based on this experiment,the adverse effect of Panax notoginseng was not observed. The no observed adverse effect level（ NOAEL）of Panax notoginseng was greater than 7. 500 g /（ kg·BW）.