邢台地区中小学生视力低下情况及影响因素研究

Status and risk factors of low vision in primary and secondary school students in Xingtai area

目的对邢台地区中小学生视力低下发生情况及影响因素进行调查,为其预防控制提供依据。方法以刑台市中小学生为调查对象,采用分层整群随机抽样方法在邢台市区和南和县城各抽取2所中学和2所小学,对抽中学校的学生进行裸眼视力检查和问卷调查。采用描述性流行病学方法对中小学生的视力低下发生情况进行分析,并对其影响因素进行单、多因素分析。结果共调查8所中小学校10 822名中小学生,其中中学学生5 527人,小学学生5 295人;男生5 594人,女生5 228人;市区5 455人,县城5 367人。调查对象中视力低下发生率为50.15%(5 427/10 822)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女学生(OR=1.09)、中学生(OR=2.21)、有近视家族史(OR=1.46)、课间运动少(OR=2.30)、读写姿势差(OR=1.65)、连续学习≥2 h/d(OR=1.97)、连续荧屏接触≥2 h/d(OR=1.48)和无用眼防护(OR=2.02)是视力低下的危险因素。结论刑台市中小学生视力低下发生率较高,不良的用眼习惯和不注重用眼防护是主要的影响因素。

Objective To investigate the status of low vision and it＇s risk factors among primary and secondary school students in Xingtai area. Methods Using cluster sampling method,students were selected separately from 2 primary schools and 2 secondary schools in urban area and Nanhe County in Xingtai to conduct visual examination and questionnaire survey. Univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used to analyze the risk factors. Results A total of 10 822 students from 8 primary and secondary schools were investigated,including 5 527 secondary school students and 5 295 primary school students. Of them,5 594 were boys and 5 228,girls; 5 455 were from the urban area and 5 367,from the county town. The prevalence of low vision was 50. 15%（ 5 427 /10 822）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the girl（ OR = 1. 09）,middle school student（ OR = 2. 21）,family history of myopia（ OR = 1. 46）,less exercises between classes（ OR = 2. 30）,incorrect reading and writing postures（ OR= 1. 65）,continuous learning time more than or equal to 2 hours per day（ OR = 1. 97）,continuous screen contact time more than or equal to 2 hours per day（ OR = 1. 48）,and without eye protection（ OR= 2. 02） were risk factors for the occurrence of low vision. Conclusion The prevalence of low vision was high among primary and secondary school students in Xingtai and the main influencing factors were the bad habits of using eyes and not paying attention to eye protection.