赵汸《春秋》“策书之例”与“笔削之义”说论析

A Study of Zhao Fang's Theory of “Style of Historical Records”and “Ideology of Modification”in CHUNQIU

在《春秋》学史上,元末《春秋》学家赵汸研治《春秋》的最大特点是以义例说经。他考论鲁史与《春秋》之别,明辨史"例"与经"义"之分,提出了系统的以"策书之例"与"笔削之义"为核心的《春秋》书法义例说。其《春秋》义例学说,是在依据《左传》及杜预注、融通三传史法经义说、批判继承诸家义例书法说基础上的发明,不仅体系颇为严密完整,而且在方法论层面上形成了独具特色的《春秋》诠释学系统。赵汸的《春秋》义例学所体现出的会通经史、据传求经,由《左传》到《春秋》、由考证史法而辨析经义的治经理路,以及力纠唐宋以来舍传求经、虚辞说经、附会穿凿之弊端的经学理念,是其《春秋》义例学说的主要价值和贡献。

Zhao Fang was a scholar on CHUNQIU at the end of Yuan Dynasty. One of his academic features was paying attention to style of historiography and ideology in Classics. He differentiated between the historical records of Lu and CHUNQIU,between style of historical record and ideology in Classics,then he put forward systematically the theory of ideology and style in CHUNQIU,whose kernel was ＂style of historical records ＂ and ＂ideology of modification ＂. His theory was an achievement by synthesizing elements of ZUOZHUAN and Du Yu＇s explanatory notes on it,of styles and ideology in GONGYANGZHUAN,ZUOZHUAN and GULIANGZHUAN,taking in the elements in various scholars＇ theory. He founded a close system, supplied distinctive and systematic annotations for CHUNQIU. Zhao Fang＇s study of CHUNQIU integrating Classics and history,and studying Classics by notes,and his study of CHUNQIU began with study of ZUOZHUAN,his study of ideology of Classics began with study of historiographical styles. Besides that,he tried hard to change the academic tradition that explained Classics without annotation and gave a farfetched interpretation to Classics which passed down from Tang and Song Dynasties. These were the contributions that he made to study of CHUNQIU.