古代蒙古族史学史论纲

The Outline of Ancient Mongolian Historiography

蒙古族有着悠久的历史和文化,其史学于古代的发展大致经历了五个阶段。13世纪初以前为萌芽阶段,主要内容是早期的传说和神话,这些神话和传说说明了蒙古族历史意识的萌发,同时也为其后的产生和发展奠定了基础。大蒙古国时期是蒙古族史学正式建立和初步发展的阶段,产生了蒙古族典型的民族史学著作《蒙古秘史》。元代是蒙古族史学的一个发展高峰期,蒙古民族在元朝的官修史学活动中发挥着非常重要的作用。北元——蒙古时期史学主要特征是黄教与史学的结合,而黄教介入蒙古族史学,也使得其面临着挫折与发展并存的局面。清代蒙古族史学发展进入了总结与嬗变时期,其中既有对黄教与史学结合方面的总结性发展,也有对这一传统的突破;在史籍体裁、语言文字等方面也充分借鉴和发展了古代中国其他兄弟民族的史学和文化成果,同时在西方列强入侵的时代背景下,蒙古族史学也开始了走向近代的历程。整体看来,蒙古族史学表现出较为宽广的研究前景和现实意义。

Mongolia has a long history,and its ancient historiography went through five stages generally. It emerged before the 13 th century,the main content was the early legends and myths,which not only illustrated the historical consciousness of Mongolian germinated in this age, but laid the foundation of Mongolian history. It was formally established and went through the initial development in the age of Mongol,when a typical Mongolian history book MENGGUMISHI was completed. As the third stage,Yuan Dynasty was a peak of Mongolian history,during which Mongolia played a key role in the compiling of official history. Development and setback co-existed in the age from North Yuan to Mongolia,the main characteristic of historiography in this age was the combination of history and the Yellow Lamaism. Mongolian history developed in multi-path in Qing Dynasty,and it not only inherited the tradition of combining history with the Yellow Lamaism in previous age,but also broke this tradition.It was the same with the style of history works,language and other aspects. In general,studies on Mongolian history have bright prospects and practical significance.