歼击机模拟作战飞行任务中的情境意识测量与比较:基于眼动的证据

Measurement and Comparison of Situation Awareness in Air Combat Environment: Evidence from Eye Movement

目的考察飞行员被试和对照组被试在歼击机模拟作战飞行任务中主观情境意识和心理负荷,与此同时检测两组被试的眼动差异,并在此基础上讨论构建测量情境意识过程的眼动技术的可能性。方法研究采用单因素被试间实验设计,要求对照组被试、飞行员被试参与击落靶子飞机任务。结果 (1)飞行员被试在主观情境意识上测量显著高于对照组被试。在主观负荷程度显著低于对照组被试。(2)眼动数据显示,舱外内的平均注视时间、总注视时间、注视次数和平均浏览时间上存在组间差异。结论眼动技术可以用来测量情境意识过程,其中平均注视时间可用来衡量知觉层面上的情境意识过程,总注视时间、注视次数和平均浏览时间则可衡量理解层面上的情境意识过程。然而,构建情境意识过程的眼动技术测量仍需后续大量研究。

Objective To explore differences of situation awareness and mental workload between novice and expert pilots. Methods 15 subjects （ 10 expert pilots and 5 novice pilots） were involved in the tasks of hunting a target aircraft;their eye movement pattern were tracked at same time. Results （ 1 ） the scores of expert pilots were higher than those of novice pilots on the two questionnaires of Situational Awareness Rating Technique and NASA - Task Load Index. （2） There were also significant difference between noviee and expert pilots on eye movement index, such as mean fixation duration, total fixation time, fixation number and mean glance time. Conclusion eye movement tracking technique can be used to measure situation awareness, mean fixation duration can be used to measure percep- tion of situation awareness,and total fixation time, fixation number and mean glance time can be used to measure the comprehension of situation awareness. However, it is still a long way to go for building a measurement of Situational Awareness with eye movement traeking technique.