“移人”、启蒙与中国特色现实主义批评观——论梁启超的艺术批评思想与实践

Inspiring People,Enlightenment,and Realistic Criticism View with Chinese Characteristics: Liang Qichao's Art Criticism Thought and Practice

文章分析梳理梁启超之基于其社会理想、美学思想的艺术批评思想及实践。梁启超以"革命家"的身份关注文学、艺术和学术。他提倡呼吁"诗界革命"、"小说界革命"、"文界革命"和戏剧革新,希望通过艺术(尤其是写实性的艺术)而达到"新民"、"改良群治"(即改造"国民性")、唤醒大众的目的,从而实现艺术的社会价值和教化功能。梁启超的"新民"说和"移人"论,可以说上接儒家教化传统,下启20世纪文艺政治功能论、社会主义现实主义等艺术批评潮流。梁启超实际上开启了20世纪中国艺术中最重要的一种艺术创作和批评思想——现实主义或写实主义——的源头。梁启超的美学和艺术批评思想,对20世纪中国艺术批评具有某种原型的意义。

In this paper, we expound Liang Qichao~ art criticism thought and practice based upon his social ideal and aesthetic thought. As a revolutionist, Liang Qichao pays attention to literature, art, and academic. He advocates reform in poetry, novel, and drama, and hopes to reform nationality and arouse the mass through art especially realistic art, so as to actualize the social value and its educating function of art. Liang Qichao＇discourse on new people and inspiring people could be said to have inherited the Confucian tradition and have opened the trend of functional discourse of literary politics and socialist realistic art criticism in 20th century.