周汉时代军事主题音乐图像综考

Review of Musical Image of Military Theme in Zhou and Han Dynasties

文章通过遗存周汉时代军事主题音乐图像和史料文献的互证研究,认为周代的军乐已形成了战阵用乐和军礼用乐两种类型。周代的"钟磬乐"和"干戚舞"不仅用于宫廷礼乐"雅乐",而且也用于"五礼"之中的军礼用乐"军乐"。其次是周汉时代的军乐有着一脉相承的发展关系,其战阵用乐呈现由鼓角齐鸣到钟鼓铿锵为主体的发展路径,军礼用乐则呈现由"钟磬乐"向"鼓吹乐"的重大转型。汉代军乐在沿袭周代传统的基础上又进行了重大变革,特别是军礼用乐出现了常用乐器、组合模式、展演方式、乐用功能和音乐风格等方面的转型变化,且还作为"新雅乐"用于宫廷的祭祀、典礼等活动。周汉时代的军乐传统,成为后世两千年封建社会军乐传承与发展的理论与实践基础。

Through a research of military music image and historical literature in Zhou and Han dynasties, we believe that military music in Zhou dynasty has already formed two types： music played in battle array and music played in military salute. In Zhou dynasty, ＂Zhongqing music＂ and ＂ Ganqi dance＂ not only was used in royal music, but also used in military salute. In addition, military music in Zhou and Hail dynasties related closely, and they developed in a continuous line. In battle array, music was played first through drums and trumpets, and later through bells and trumpets, and in military salute, music was presented firstly through Zhong and Qing, and later through trumpet. In Han dynasty, military music had made significant transformation based upon Zhou tradition, especially in musical instrument commonly used, composite pattern, exhibition and performing means, musical function, and music style. And they also were applied in royal sacrifice and ceremony as new court music. Military music tradition in Zhou and Han dynasties has become a theoretical and practical basis for military music inheritance and development in later generations in feudal society.